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Retrato de Éric Bernier

Éric Bernier

Doctorando en salud pública (2.º año) · Jurista · Emprendedor · Educador especializado

De las personas a las políticas: una lectura integrada de los sistemas de salud

Del acompañamiento de las personas a la investigación en salud pública, mi trayectoria me ha llevado a explorar las distintas escalas del sistema de salud: de las realidades individuales a las organizaciones, hasta las políticas públicas y la gobernanza.

Estas experiencias, en la encrucijada del terreno, la gestión, el derecho y la investigación, han forjado una convicción: transformar los sistemas de salud supone hacer dialogar las experiencias humanas, los saberes científicos, las dinámicas colectivas y las decisiones políticas.

Mi ambición es abrir puertas entre esos universos que conviven sin entenderse siempre, romper los compartimentos entre perspectivas y acercar la investigación a la acción, para favorecer la autodeterminación, orientar las decisiones colectivas y contribuir a una sociedad más justa y más sana.

Tesis doctoral en fase de conceptualización, codirigida por Nadia Sourial (PhD) y Géraldine Layani (MD) Cátedra de investigación GSK en gestión óptima de enfermedades crónicas CRCHUM Becario del FRQ (B2)

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La trayectoria de un vistazo

  1. Desde 2025Doctorado en salud pública, École de santé publique de l’Université de Montréal (ESPUM) y Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Canadá
  2. 2025Máster en derecho público (derecho de la salud y derecho social), Paris-Panthéon-Assas (Francia)
  3. 2024–2025Encargado de misión médico-social, Agence nationale d’appui à la performance (ANAP, Francia)
  4. 2024Maestría en dirección de estructuras médico-sociales, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO, Francia)Diploma universitario en emprendimiento y gestión, IAE de Brest (Francia)Prácticas de dirección en EHPAD, Fondation Ildys, Landerneau (Francia); residencia para mayores dependientes (equivalente al CHSLD de Quebec)
  5. 2020–2023Educador especializado, Adapei 35 (Francia)
  6. 2016–2024Responsable de vacaciones adaptadas y estancias de respiro (Francia)

La trayectoria en cifras

Discapacidad y respiro

años de acompañamiento a personas con discapacidad
10
estancias adaptadas dirigidas
100+
personas beneficiarias de vacaciones fuera de instituciones
≈1 000
familias y profesionales vinculados al respiroEstimación del entorno de las personas acompañadas
≈1 000

Formación y docencia

títulos universitarios de segundo ciclo
4
ayudantías de docenciaUniversité de Montréal
4
menciones especiales del jurado
3
premio al mejor pósterGFSP 2026 · doctorado
1

Redes y participación

estudiantes representados
3 000
expertos de la red médico-socialContribución a la dinamización de la red
30
participaciones acumuladas en seminarios web y comunidades de prácticaResponsables de gestión y profesionales de la salud
2 000+
estudiantes en la encuesta regional de salud mentalDiseño y dirección de la encuesta
1 000
Precisiones sobre las cifras
  • Discapacidad y respiro: órdenes de magnitud estimados para el conjunto de la trayectoria. El respiro concierne a las familias y a los profesionales de apoyo. Ambas estimaciones describen colectivos relacionados; no se suman ni constituyen un recuento individual verificado.
  • Docencia: Université de Montréal.
  • Mejor póster: GFSP, 2026, categoría doctoral y posdoctoral.
  • Red médico-social: contribución a la dinamización de la red de expertos.
  • Seminarios web y comunidades de práctica: animación y moderación; participaciones acumuladas de gestores y profesionales de salud.
  • Salud mental: diseño y dirección de una encuesta regional entre estudiantes.

Tesis en curso · Tema en construcción, sujeto a grandes cambios

Título provisional

Organizar la respuesta intersectorial a las personas mayores en su domicilio que acumulan necesidades sociales y morbilidad: perfiles, cartografía de los recursos y análisis de redes

Codirección : Dra. Nadia Sourial (Ph. D.) · Dra. Géraldine Layani (M.D., M. Sc.)Escuela de Salud Pública de la Université de Montréal (ESPUM)Doctorado en salud pública, opción sistemas, organizaciones y políticas de salud (SOPS) · 2.º añoCátedra de investigación GSK en gestión óptima de enfermedades crónicasFonds de recherche du Québec, beca de doctorado (B2)Chaire de recherche GSK en gestion optimale des maladies chroniques · Fonds de recherche du Québec · CRCHUM · ESPUM · Université de Montréal
Pregunta de investigación

¿Cómo se organiza hoy la respuesta intersectorial en torno a las personas mayores en su domicilio que acumulan necesidades sociales y morbilidad: según qué perfiles, con qué recursos y mediante qué redes?

Diseño: métodos mixtos multifase (Creswell y Plano Clark, 2017), postura pragmática; O1 revisión de alcance (JBI, PRISMA-ScR) y análisis descriptivo del 211; O2 estudio cuantitativo observacional ecológico; O3 diseño mixto secuencial explicativo (QUAN → qual), análisis de redes egocentradas.

01Contexto

La pregunta de investigación

¿Cómo se organiza hoy la respuesta intersectorial en torno a las personas mayores en su domicilio que acumulan necesidades sociales y morbilidad: según qué perfiles, con qué recursos y mediante qué redes?

1. El problema: necesidades que superan la oferta

En Quebec, el apoyo a domicilio (SAD) agrupa los cuidados y servicios que la red pública ofrece en casa de la persona, sobre todo el equipo del CLSC (centro local de servicios comunitarios). En 2024-2025 atendió a 395 783 personas, con 37,2 millones de horas; 17 883 personas esperaban un primer servicio. Entre las personas de 65 años y más, el 80 % vive con al menos una enfermedad crónica y la mitad con varias (multimorbilidad) (MSSS, 2026a, p. 4 y 6).

Parte de las necesidades cubiertas por la red pública, 2023

Apoyo a domicilio10,7 %
RI-RTF68,8 %
CHSLD98,9 %

SAD: 25,4 de los 234,7 millones de horas requeridas (CSBE, 2024, p. 11).

Personas en espera de un primer servicio de SAD

31 de marzo de 201913 250
31 de marzo de 202217 226

Un aumento de alrededor del 30 % en tres años (CSBE, 2024, p. 2 y 96).

Usuarios y recursos de larga duración

Usuarios atendidos en el SAD84 %
Recursos del SAD38 %

El alojamiento recibe el 62 % de los fondos para el 16 % de los usuarios (CSBE, 2024, p. 7).

Salud de las personas de 65 años y más en Quebec

Al menos una enfermedad crónica80 %
Multimorbilidadla mitad

Y el 91 % de los mayores de 55 años se reconoce en «en casa de por vida» (CSBE, 2024, p. 7; MSSS, 2026a, p. 4).

Tras los cuatro tomos de Bien vieillir chez soi (2023-2024), el Comisionado de Salud y Bienestar (CSBE) concluye que el ecosistema de la atención domiciliaria es complejo, poco integrado y poco eficaz. En 2023, la red pública solo proporcionaba 25,4 de los 234,7 millones de horas requeridas en el domicilio: una tasa de respuesta del 10,7 %, frente al 98,9 % en los CHSLD. La atención domiciliaria recibe el 38 % de los recursos de larga duración para el 84 % de los usuarios, y las personas en espera de un primer servicio pasaron de 13 250 (2019) a 17 226 (2022). El resto depende de las personas cuidadoras, del sector comunitario y del privado, es decir, de sectores fuera de la red pública.

En el territorio estudiado (CCSMTL, 8 territorios de CLSC), 48 575 personas tienen 65 años o más en 2026 (ISQ). En 2021, el 28,6 % de ellas vivía por debajo del umbral de bajos ingresos, hasta el 41,8 % en Pointe-Saint-Charles y el 38,7 % en Centre-Sud; el 66,9 % de los hogares alquila (Statistique Canada). En el 211, las necesidades de las personas de 70 años y más se refieren primero al apoyo personal y comunitario (21,9 %) y a la vivienda (13,4 %), dos ámbitos donde sus necesidades quedan sin cubrir el doble de veces que en el conjunto de edades. Entre las personas de 60 años y más, el motivo más frecuente es «servicio no disponible» (324 necesidades), seguido de los requisitos de admisión (210) y la falta de transporte (66). Solo 44 solicitudes de personas de 60 años y más provienen de un CLSC.

Tabla del CSBE: horas requeridas, horas proporcionadas y tasa de respuesta en 2023, con un 10,7 % en el domicilio
Horas requeridas, horas proporcionadas y tasa de respuesta en cuidados de larga duración, Quebec, 2023: la red pública responde al 10,7 % de las necesidades en el domicilio. Captura: Commissaire à la santé et au bien-être (2024), Bien vieillir chez soi, tomo 4, resumen ejecutivo, p. 11 (proyecciones de Clavet et al., HEC Montréal, 2023).
Las seis cifras clave del problema quebequense.
Las seis cifras clave del problema quebequense. Fuente: Bernier, E. (2026). Metodología de la tesis O1-O3 [presentación, en francés], diapositiva 2.

2. Cuando las necesidades se acumulan, la respuesta se complica

Una persona mayor puede vivir a la vez con una o varias morbilidades (problemas de salud, agudos o crónicos) y varias necesidades sociales: una vivienda poco adaptada, ingresos insuficientes, aislamiento, falta de transporte, un cuidador agotado. Se habla de necesidades sociales concomitantes. Juntas son factores de complejidad: cada una dificulta resolver las demás y el recorrido de la persona pierde fluidez (Safford et al., 2007; Grembowski et al., 2014; Schaink et al., 2012; Johnson y Bacsu, 2018). La política Mieux chez soi lo reconoce: cuando las necesidades abarcan varias esferas de la vida, varios profesionales deben trabajar juntos, y las enfermedades crónicas hacen más complejas e intensas las necesidades a domicilio (MSSS, 2026a, p. 4).

Estas situaciones son difíciles de detectar, porque ningún servicio ve por sí solo todas las necesidades de una persona. También son difíciles de coordinar: el Comisionado de Salud y Bienestar (CSBE) describe un ecosistema del SAD complejo, poco integrado y poco eficaz. No siempre se sabe organizar una respuesta común, adaptada y coordinada. Es plausible que, en un mismo territorio, las organizaciones no se conozcan o no trabajen juntas, y que falte un recurso sin que se sepa que otro, de otro sector, podría sustituirlo. Ningún estudio lo demuestra directamente: es una inferencia, sugerida por los trabajos sobre redes de servicios, sobre la capacidad de las organizaciones comunitarias y sobre la dificultad de encontrar la ayuda disponible (Lemieux-Charles et al., 2005; Varda et al., 2020; Hogg-Graham et al., 2021; Macleod et al., 2017). En el 211, el motivo más frecuente de las necesidades no cubiertas de las personas de 60 años y más es «servicio no disponible».

La cadena de la complejidad: una o varias morbilidades más necesidades sociales concomitantes dan una situación difícil de detectar y coordinar.
La cadena de la complejidad: una o varias morbilidades más necesidades sociales concomitantes dan una situación difícil de detectar y coordinar. Fuente: Bernier, E. (2026). Metodología de la tesis O1-O3 [presentación, en francés], diapositiva 3.

3. Varias puertas de entrada, no una sola

La política Mieux chez soi quiere que el CLSC sea la puerta de entrada principal (MSSS, 2026a, p. XII). En la práctica, una persona mayor entra en la red por muchas puertas: el equipo SAD del CLSC; el hospital de día; una hospitalización; urgencias tras una caída; los cuidados a domicilio del CISSS o del CIUSSS (los establecimientos regionales de salud y servicios sociales); el grupo de medicina familiar (GMF); la farmacia; el municipio; la vivienda social; el transporte adaptado; una organización comunitaria; un cuidador; el 211, servicio de información y derivación. Cada puerta ve una parte de la situación; ninguna garantiza que se tengan en cuenta todas las necesidades.

PersonamayorCLSC y SADHospital de díaHospitalizaciónUrgencias tras una caídaGMFFarmaciaOrganización comunitariaCuidador211MunicipioVivienda socialTransporte adaptado
Doce puertas de entrada posibles; el CLSC, previsto como puerta principal (MSSS, 2026a, p. XII), es solo una. Ninguna ve por sí sola todas las necesidades.
Las puertas de entrada y lo que las conecta mal.
Las puertas de entrada y lo que las conecta mal. Fuente: Bernier, E. (2026). Metodología de la tesis O1-O3 [presentación, en francés], diapositiva 4.

4. Lo que ya existe en Quebec para integrar los servicios

La política gubernamental de atención y servicios de primer nivel (MSSS, marzo de 2026) vincula a cada persona con un territorio de CLSC, que se convierte en la unidad de referencia para coordinar el primer nivel (p. 15). Confía al CLSC cuatro funciones: navegador, coordinador, líder intersectorial y coanimador (p. 42). Las orientaciones ministeriales que la acompañan constatan que el CLSC, concebido como eje territorial, ha quedado desvitalizado y alejado de su misión original (p. 1): se trata de devolverle ese papel.

Varios dispositivos ya acercan a los actores. PRISMA, un modelo quebequense de integración de servicios para personas mayores con pérdida de autonomía, reunió una ventanilla única, la gestión de casos, una herramienta de evaluación común y la concertación de los socios; su evaluación mostró menos deterioro funcional y menos necesidades no cubiertas (Hébert et al., 2003, 2010; Couturier et al., 2021). El Enfoque integrado de proximidad para las personas mayores (AIPPA) del MSSS (2024) se apoya en prácticas colaborativas y en la detección de las personas con necesidades (p. 8), en los trabajadores de calle del programa ITMAV y en los organizadores comunitarios de los establecimientos (p. 28), así como en comunidades de práctica (p. 59; Ranmuthugala et al., 2011). El organizador comunitario, adscrito al servicio de organización comunitaria del CISSS o del CIUSSS, es el enlace entre el establecimiento y las organizaciones del entorno (Bourque y Lachapelle, 2010).

La intersectorialidad no es nueva en Quebec: la política Chez soi : le premier choix (2003) ya la anunciaba, y el RUISSS de la Universidad de Montreal (2022) propuso un esquema de seis sectores (red pública, primer nivel, parapúblico, comunidad, ciudad, vivienda) y cuatro niveles de colaboración (intercambio de información, cooperación, coordinación, integración; según Bilodeau, Parent y Potvin, 2019). El enfoque AIPPA del MSSS y su comité de enlace intersectorial en el CCSMTL lo prolongan. Lo que falta es la manera de saber, territorio por territorio, qué sectores movilizar para qué combinaciones de necesidades.

Recuadro de la política de primer nivel: el territorio de CLSC y las cuatro funciones del CLSC
El CLSC, unidad de gobernanza de proximidad, y sus cuatro funciones: navegador, coordinador, líder intersectorial y coanimador. Captura: MSSS (2026), Politique gouvernementale sur les soins et services de première ligne, p. 42.

Este esquema, junto con la literatura, sirvió para delimitar los sectores estudiados en la tesis (MSSS, 2026b, p. 42; Bilodeau et al., 2019).

Estos dispositivos son valiosos, pero la respuesta intersectorial sigue siendo poco visible. A menudo descansa en alianzas locales: una comunidad de práctica, una mesa de concertación, una persona que hace de facilitadora. Si esa persona se va o la financiación se acaba, la respuesta se debilita: es poco duradera y a menudo incompleta. Sobre todo, ninguno de estos dispositivos dice qué combinaciones de necesidades son las más frecuentes, qué recursos existen para cada una en un territorio, ni cómo se organiza hoy la red para responder. Eso es precisamente lo que busca la tesis.

Lo que cambia la Política de 2026 (MSSS, 2026b, p. 15 y 42).
Lo que cambia la Política de 2026 (MSSS, 2026b, p. 15 y 42). Fuente: Bernier, E. (2026). Metodología de la tesis O1-O3 [presentación, en francés], diapositiva 6.

5. Lo que la literatura ya ha intentado

Dice que las necesidades sociales de las personas mayores en el domicilio son frecuentes y acumuladas (McManus et al., 2025; Tingvold et al., 2026), que se agrupan (Kreuter et al., 2021) y que existen perfiles de necesidades satisfechas o no, pero sobre todo a partir del CANE y del punto de vista de las personas cuidadoras (Janssen et al., 2020; Kraake et al., 2024). Documenta la derivación, la navegación y la prescripción social (Hébert et al., 2010; Percival et al., 2022) y la oferta de servicios cartografiada (Kim, 2026; Álvarez-Pérez et al., 2025).

Aún no dice qué combinaciones de necesidades se repiten entre las personas atendidas en el domicilio ni cuáles quedan sin satisfacer; rara vez relaciona, en un territorio, esas combinaciones con los recursos accesibles; y sus análisis de redes registran la presencia de un vínculo, rara vez su nivel de colaboración, casi nunca a partir de los equipos de atención domiciliaria de varios CLSC. La revisión de alcance de O1 parte de 60 957 registros de cuatro bases (MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, PubMed): 8 938 anteriores a 2006 retirados, 52 021 importados en Covidence, 25 412 duplicados retirados, 26 609 estudios por cribar por dos evaluadores.

Algunos trabajos ya han cartografiado las necesidades y los recursos de las personas mayores: en Quebec, el estudio dirigido por Anne-Marie Séguin (INRS) para la Société d’habitation du Québec (2018) describió las necesidades cubiertas o no de las personas de 75 años y más según el tipo de entorno, y luego los recursos locales y las estrategias de las personas. Juliette Duc y sus colegas cartografiaron, con QGIS y R, la oferta y la demanda de servicios de las personas de 65 años y más en todo Quebec: menos servicios por persona mayor en el medio rural y una fuerte variabilidad local (Duc et al., 2026). Otros describieron perfiles de necesidades en personas con demencia que viven en su casa (Janssen et al., 2020) o analizaron redes de servicios mediante el análisis de redes sociales, SNA (Urbanoski et al., 2018). Ningún trabajo identificado vincula todavía las necesidades sociales concomitantes y la o las morbilidades como factores de complejidad, a escala de un territorio de CLSC.

El vacío principal

La literatura no está vacía en cada uno de los componentes de la pregunta, ya se trate de la medición de las necesidades sociales múltiples, de su concurrencia, del deseo de ayuda de los pacientes o de los dispositivos de respuesta. Sin embargo, ninguna síntesis identificada reúne, en personas adultas en atención primaria, el carácter no satisfecho de las necesidades, su concurrencia, su priorización por los pacientes, sus interrelaciones, la red de respuesta y la trayectoria hasta su resolución. El vacío reside, por tanto, en la articulación entre la configuración de las necesidades y la de la respuesta intersectorial, así como en los mecanismos que explican por qué algunas necesidades persisten pese a haber sido identificadas.

Por rigor metodológico, la formulación adoptada es «ninguna síntesis identificada en las búsquedas realizadas en PubMed y Cairn» y no «no existe ninguna síntesis».

Tres vacíos, cada uno lleva a un objetivo.
Tres vacíos, cada uno lleva a un objetivo. Fuente: Bernier, E. (2026). Metodología de la tesis O1-O3 [presentación, en francés], diapositiva 7.

6. Una respuesta intersectorial, no solo una intervención individual

El trabajador social del SAD evalúa la situación de una persona, la orienta y la acompaña: es una intervención individual, esencial. Una respuesta intersectorial a las necesidades sociales concomitantes de una persona con una o varias morbilidades es otra cosa: es la organización, en un territorio, de varios sectores (salud, servicios sociales, comunitario, municipio, vivienda, transporte) que actúan juntos, de forma duradera, ante una misma combinación de necesidades. El reto actual no es la competencia de los profesionales, sino la falta de una organización común: cada profesional reconstruye, caso por caso, una red que podría conocerse de antemano. El trabajo social evalúa, orienta y coordina caso por caso; una respuesta intersectorial organiza de antemano varios sectores en torno a un perfil (Couturier et al., 2022; Bilodeau et al., 2019). El reto: pasar de «quién conoce a quién» a una respuesta organizada y duradera.

Trabajo social, hoyRespuesta intersectorial buscada
Evalúa la situación de una personaOrganiza de antemano varios sectores en torno a un perfil de necesidades
Orienta hacia un recursoSalud, servicios sociales, comunitario, municipio, vivienda, escuelas, guarderías
Coordina un expediente, caso por casoTambién alivia a los cuidadores: respiro, centro de día, comidas a domicilio, transporte
Depende de «quién conoce a quién»Organizada, conocida y duradera en cada territorio

Según Couturier et al. (2022) y Bilodeau et al. (2019).

Trabajo social y respuesta intersectorial.
Trabajo social y respuesta intersectorial. Fuente: Bernier, E. (2026). Metodología de la tesis O1-O3 [presentación, en francés], diapositiva 5.

7. Línea secundaria: territorio vivido y territorio administrativo

La Política de 2026 hace del territorio de CLSC la unidad de referencia. Sus Orientaciones precisan que ese territorio ya no es una simple división administrativa sino un espacio vivo, y que los 166 territorios actuales no son fines en sí mismos (MSSS, 2026, resumen y p. 4). Sin embargo, los territorios de CLSC se definieron primero para asignar una población a cada establecimiento (MSSS, recomendaciones sobre la gestión de datos territoriales); en Montreal, la salud pública dividió la isla en 101 vecindarios, más cercanos a las comunidades, y las unidades administrativas no siempre corresponden a los entornos vividos (Di Méo, 1998; Riva et al., 2008; Macé, 2010; Breton et al., 2009). En segundo plano, la tesis verificará si los recursos que las personas usan realmente siguen los límites del CLSC o los rebasan.

8. La idea de la tesis

De ahí la idea de partida: identificar los perfiles de necesidades sociales concomitantes más frecuentes en las personas mayores atendidas por el SAD; para cada perfil, localizar los recursos disponibles en cada territorio de CLSC; y comprender cómo se organiza hoy la respuesta, para mejorarla. La tesis trata de las personas mayores con una o varias morbilidades que viven en su domicilio y reciben el SAD de los ocho territorios de CLSC del CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal (48 575 personas de 65 años y más en 2026).

El hilo conductor cabe en tres palabras: perfiles → recursos → red. O1 dice qué combinaciones de necesidades se repiten; O2 dice, territorio por territorio, qué existe para responder y qué falta; O3 dice quién ya trabaja junto y qué vínculos faltan. Cada etapa da a la siguiente lo que necesita.

9. Mi postura

Mi reflexión parte de mi trayectoria entre varios sectores y de mi observación de las políticas de mantenimiento en el domicilio, en las que trabajé en la ANAP. Como educador especializado, vi lo difícil que es organizar una respuesta común ante las situaciones más complejas, cuando varios servicios intervienen sin coordinarse. Esta tesis busca hacer visible, y por tanto organizable, lo que hoy descansa sobre todo en la buena voluntad de cada uno.

Fundamentos documentales

Los recursos siguientes apoyan la conceptualización. El título, la pregunta, el argumento de tesis y los objetivos de sus respectivas secciones constituyen el planteamiento actual del proyecto.

Conceptualizar el proyecto de investigación

Estoy en la etapa de conceptualización: un corpus de publicaciones priorizadas, las lagunas que revela y las lecturas de formación que lo respaldan.

222publicaciones seleccionadas
39lecturas prioritarias
83lecturas importantes
9dimensiones de vacíos examinadas

Distribución por prioridad

Prioridad 539
Prioridad 483
Prioridad 346
Prioridad 224
Prioridad 130

Procedencia de las publicaciones

  • PubMed112
  • Embase y MEDLINE (Ovid)95
  • Cairn15

El corpus se constituyó a partir de Ovid (Embase, MEDLINE), PubMed y Cairn, y a cada publicación se le asignó una prioridad según su pertinencia para la pregunta de tesis.

Lo que la literatura deja abierto

Para cada una de las nueve dimensiones examinadas, la tabla indica el estado de la literatura, la magnitud del vacío y algunas referencias clave.

Conceptualización

Importante

Presente pero no consolidada

Los estudios indexados en PubMed distinguen cada vez más entre riesgo social, necesidad social y deseo de asistencia. Los trabajos francófonos de Cairn añaden un vocabulario de la precariedad y la vulnerabilidad social, a menudo multidimensional, pero conceptualmente más amplio que la necesidad no satisfecha.

Gruß 2021; Tucher 2026; Tudrej 2019; Karran 2023

Medición

Importante

Abundante pero heterogénea

Los instrumentos difieren mucho en sus dominios, umbrales y modo de administración. Las puntuaciones multidimensionales de precariedad identificadas en Cairn, como EPICES y PRECAR, no equivalen a los cuestionarios de necesidades sociales no satisfechas.

Zein 2026; Karran 2023; Tudrej 2019; Rogers 2025

Caracterización y prevalencia

Moderada

Bien documentada para al menos una necesidad

Numerosos estudios describen la prevalencia por dominio y la carga acumulada, pero las estimaciones son difíciles de comparar cuando difieren la definición de necesidad y el instrumento.

Jih 2023; Bleacher 2020; Fiori 2021

Multiplicidad y concurrencia

Importante

Emergente pero ya demostrada

La coexistencia de varias necesidades o riesgos sociales es frecuente, y se han propuesto agrupaciones, clases y medidas de carga acumulada. Un estudio reciente muestra además que la multiplicidad de riesgos aumenta fuertemente la probabilidad de desear ayuda.

Vest 2025; Kreuter 2021; Zeng 2024; Tucher 2026

Priorización por los pacientes

Mayor

Algunos estudios directos, pero un campo aún poco desarrollado

La literatura mide sobre todo el deseo de ayuda, los objetivos negociados, la aceptabilidad o la prioridad relativa, y los trabajos recientes refuerzan la distinción entre riesgo detectado y ayuda deseada. Los trabajos de e-CARE muestran un acompañamiento ajustado al ritmo y a las prioridades del paciente, sin producir una jerarquía estandarizada de las necesidades.

O’Loughlin 2022; Gruß 2021; Tucher 2026; Vasan 2026; Ouanhnon 2022

Interrelaciones entre necesidades

Mayor

Descritas sobre todo como concurrencia o complejidad global

Los análisis cuantitativos documentan sobre todo la concurrencia y los perfiles. Los trabajos cualitativos francófonos de Cairn describen el entrelazamiento de dificultades sociales, administrativas, económicas y de salud, pero rara vez su dirección, su secuencia o su mecanismo causal.

Vest 2025; Kreuter 2021; Marron-Delabre 2015; Ouanhnon 2022

Resolución y trayectoria

Mayor

Creciente pero dominada por indicadores intermedios

El campo distingue cada vez más entre cribado, derivación, conexión, recurso recibido y resolución. Los trabajos francófonos de e-CARE siguen además resultados concretos, como el acceso a derechos, a un médico de cabecera y a la vivienda o la autonomía en el recorrido asistencial, pero sin una medida estandarizada de la resolución de cada necesidad.

Steeves-Reece 2022; Hausmann 2024; Ouanhnon 2022; Agarwal 2025

Redes y respuesta intersectorial

Mayor para la integración

Literatura sustancial, pero a menudo separada de los datos de pacientes

PubMed documenta la navegación, los agentes comunitarios de salud, las alianzas médico-jurídicas y la derivación de circuito cerrado, y Cairn las unidades sociales en medicina general y las estructuras francesas de atención primaria y coordinación territorial (MSP, CPTS, DAC). Sin embargo, la configuración de la red rara vez se vincula con los perfiles de necesidades y su resolución.

Hogg-Graham 2021; Tevaearai 2022; Yatim & Sebai 2021; Lessi 2023; Ouanhnon 2022

Síntesis integrada

Vacío principal

No identificada en las auditorías de PubMed y Cairn

Ninguna síntesis localizada reúne, en personas adultas atendidas en atención primaria, el carácter no satisfecho de las necesidades, su medición multidominio, las configuraciones de concurrencia, la prioridad que les otorga el paciente, las interrelaciones entre necesidades, la configuración de la red movilizable y la trayectoria hasta su resolución.

Karran 2023; Vest 2025; Chang 2026; Tudrej 2019; Ouanhnon 2022

Las 39 lecturas prioritarias
  1. Dahrouge et al. (2026) A Randomized Controlled Trial of Social Prescribing: Comparing a Comprehensive Navigation Model With Signposting Ensayo aleatorizado
  2. Dina Zein; Kriti Gogia; Jenifer Clapp; Alessandra Calvo-Friedman; Nichola J Davis; Ji E Chang (2026) Convergence and differences across social needs identified through structured screeners and clinical assessments Artículo
  3. Mayo Clinic team (2026) Coordinating Multisector Efforts to Address Social Needs in a Rural Midwestern Primary Care Setting Estudio comparativo de cohortes
  4. Russell et al. (2026) Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Social Risks and Social Needs Concordance Among Veterans Encuesta transversal ponderada
  5. Stephanie S Loo et al. (2026) Experiences of Social Risk Screening in the Safety-Net Among Patients with Mental Health Needs Artículo cualitativo
  6. Bolen et al. (2025) The Impact of a Bidirectional Clinic to Community Social Care Referral Program Estudio de programa
  7. Coletti D.J.; Andrews A.; Rooney E.; Chen A.; Alvarenga J.; Verbsky J. (2025) YEAR TWO, WE FOLLOW THROUGH: LONGITUDINAL SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH SCREENING IN A LARGE ACADEMIC RESIDENT PRACTICE. Resumen de congreso
  8. Fennelly et al. (2025) Comparison of the Performance of Three Health Related Social Needs Screening Tools Estudio comparativo
  9. Hatef et al. (2025) An Electronic Health Record-Based Platform for Social Needs Assessment and Navigation Services: Preliminary Results of an RCT Ensayo aleatorizado
  10. Lewis et al. (2025) Optimizing the community resource specialist to address social needs in primary care: results from a pragmatic quality improvement evaluation Evaluación pragmática de mejora de la calidad
  11. Saluja K; Mahbub A; Gauthier AP; Lemonde M; Timony P; Durand F; Dahrouge S (2025) Understanding patient barriers and enablers to accessing community resources: a qualitative study to inform navigation service delivery. Ensayo clínico; artículo de revista
  12. Vest J.R.; Wu W.; Conner K. (2025) Clusters of Health-Related Social Needs Among Adult Primary Care Patients. Artículo
  13. Vest et al. (2025) Performance of 4 Methods to Assess Health-Related Social Needs Estudio comparativo de métodos
  14. Clapp et al. (2024) Implementing and monitoring high-quality community health worker care in adult primary care at New York City Health + Hospitals Estudio de implementación y seguimiento
  15. Drake et al. (2024) Association of Patient-Reported Social Needs with Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations Among Federally Qualified Health Center Patients Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva
  16. Gilbert et al. (2024) Patient Preferences for Addressing Unhealthy Behaviors, Mental Health Challenges, and Social Needs in Primary Care Análisis dentro de un ensayo aleatorizado
  17. Jane Jih; Antony Nguyen; Irena Cenzer; Jennifer Morrish (2023) Burden of unmet health-related social needs in an academic adult primary care practice in San Francisco California Artículo
  18. Renaud et al. (2023) Addressing Health-Related Social Needs Via Community Resources: Lessons From Accountable Health Communities Evaluación de programa con comparación aleatorizada
  19. Shi et al. (2023) Social Needs Assessment and Linkage to Community Health Workers in a Large Urban Hospital System Estudio de cohorte observacional
  20. Teggart et al. (2023) Effectiveness of system navigation programs linking primary care with community-based health and social services: a systematic review Revisión sistemática
  21. Zhang WJ; Fornili K (2023) Screening for Social Determinants of Health Among Medicare Beneficiaries in Primary Care During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Prince George's County, Maryland. Artículo de revista
  22. Cene CW; Buys E; Clark JW; Foley K; True V; Kiger J; Salter AS (2022) Better Together: A Descriptive Analysis of a Medical-Legal Partnership in Western North Carolina. Artículo de revista
  23. Jones K.G.; Roth S.E.; Vartanian K.B. (2022) Health and Health Care Use Strongly Associated with Cumulative Burden of Social Determinants of Health. Artículo
  24. Kristen O'Loughlin et al. (2022) Patient Preferences for Discussing and Acting on Health-Related Needs in Primary Care Artículo cualitativo
  25. Ouanhnon L; Esquerre B; Champrobert K; Buerba A; Pariente K (2022) Projet e-CARE : un dispositif expérimental d’aide au parcours de soin pour les patients en situation de précarité. Bilan après deux ans Evaluación descriptiva de un servicio
  26. Sandhu et al. (2022) Patient Barriers to Accessing Referred Resources for Unmet Social Needs Estudio cualitativo dirigido integrado en el seguimiento
  27. Heller CG; Rehm CD; Parsons AH; Chambers EC; Hollingsworth NH; Fiori KP (2021) The association between social needs and chronic conditions in a large, urban primary care population. Artículo de revista; financiación extramuros de los NIH; financiación pública de fuera de Estados Unidos; financiación del Servicio de Salud Pública de Estados Unidos
  28. Hogg-Graham et al. (2021) Exploring the capacity of community-based organisations to absorb health system patient referrals for unmet social needs Métodos mixtos y análisis de redes sociales
  29. Lian et al. (2021) Factors Associated with Patients' Connection to Referred Social Needs Resources at a Federally Qualified Health Center Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva
  30. Palakshappa D.; Benefield A.J.; Furgurson K.F.; Harley M.G.; Bundy R.; Moses A.; Taxter A.J.; Bensinger A.S.; Cao X.; Denizard-Thompson N.; Rosenthal G.E.; Miller D.P. (2021) Feasibility of Mobile Technology to Identify and Address Patients' Unmet Social Needs in a Primary Care Clinic. Artículo
  31. Bleacher et al. (2020) Associations Between Patients' Unmet Social Needs and Self-Reported Health Confidence at One Primary Care Clinic Estudio transversal / mejora de la calidad
  32. Rogers et al. (2020) Patients' Attitudes and Perceptions Regarding Social Needs Screening and Navigation: Multi-site Survey in a Large Integrated Health System Encuesta multicéntrica
  33. Buitron de la Vega et al. (2019) Implementing an EHR-based screening and referral system to address social determinants of health in primary care Estudio de implementación
  34. Sarah R Reves; Jonathan P O'Neal; Martha M Gonzalez; Chantal McHenry; Molly Favour; Rebecca S Etz (2019) A 60-Second Survey to Identify Patients' Unmet Social Needs Artículo
  35. Hsu et al. (2018) Evaluation of the Learning to Integrate Neighborhoods and Clinical Care Project: Findings from Implementing a New Lay Role into Primary Care Teams to Address Social Determinants of Health Evaluación de programa con métodos mixtos
  36. Rodriguez J.; Nafisi A.; Rob-Inson C.; Arteaga E.; Pierce L.D.; Sunn L.; Kim K.J. (2018) Social determinants of health screening and com-munity resource referral in a safety-net resident primary care clinic. Resumen de congreso
  37. Sundar et al. (2018) Universal Screening for Social Needs in a Primary Care Clinic: A Quality Improvement Approach Mejora de la calidad
  38. Page-Reeves et al. (2016) Addressing Social Determinants of Health in a Clinic Setting: The WellRx Pilot in Albuquerque, New Mexico Estudio piloto
  39. Popay J.; Kowarzik U.; Mallinson S.; Mackian S.; Barker J. (2007) Social problems, primary care and pathways to help and support: Addressing health inequalities at the individual level. Part I: The GP perspective. Artículo
Las 83 lecturas importantes
  1. Cook N; Pisciotta M; Larson Z; Fein HL; Donovan J; McGrath BM; Gunn R; Owens-Jasey C; Templeton A; Volk-Britton M; Nishiike Y; Stowe S; Gold R (2026) Using a Modified Delphi Process to Develop an Intervention to Support Care Coordination of Patient Social Needs in Primary Care Delphi modificado / desarrollo de una intervención
  2. Eva Chang; Iridian Guzman; Nicole Glowacki; Rasha Khatib (2026) Implementation of Social Needs Screening and Intervention in Primary Care: A Systematic Review of Program-Level Determinants Revisión sistemática
  3. Graham et al. (2026) Merging Law and Medicine: Patient Attitudes About and Experiences with Social Needs Screening and Medical-Legal Partnerships in Primary Care Encuesta nacional
  4. Gruber E; Grisham R; Arem H; Starling CM; Smith M; Dortch F; Perman C (2026) Experiences of Maryland Primary Care Practices in Addressing Social Needs Through a Novel Value-Based Payment Métodos mixtos
  5. Isabelle Weld-Blundell et al. (2026) Social Needs Screening Tools for Clinical Populations in Australia and New Zealand: A Scoping Review and Critical Analysis Revisión de alcance
  6. Kosowan et al. (2026) Implementing the screening for poverty and related social determinants and intervening to improve knowledge of and links to resources (SPARK) in primary care clinics across Canada Cohorte de implementación
  7. Multistakeholder study team (2026) Defining the Social Needs Service Cascade: Evidence From A Multistakeholder Qualitative Study Estudio cualitativo con múltiples actores
  8. Park JK; Beck AF; Warren K; Sage WM (2026) Medical-Legal Partnership as Value-Based Primary Care: Interprofessional Teamwork for Health-Related Social Needs. [Review] Artículo de revista; revisión
  9. Ralston et al. (2026) Outreach Assessment for Social Health Needs in Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Qualitative Study of Patient Experience Estudio cualitativo multicéntrico
  10. Tucher EL; Knox MJ; Grant RW; Brown MC (2026) Factors Associated With Patients Wanting Assistance With Their Social Risks Estudio transversal ponderado
  11. Vasan A; Knowles M; Flerchinger S; Tandy TK; Mosen D; Soltesz J; Paradis O; Friedman N; Long JA; Ertz-Berger BL; Kangovi S (2026) Effects of a Standardized Community Health Worker Intervention on Health Care Utilization Within an Integrated Delivery System Ensayo aleatorizado / análisis prospectivo
  12. Wright T; Jenkinson DJ; Yu D; Tierney S; Ford J; Tatton S; Yameen F; Jinks C; Parry E (2026) Screening for social determinants of health in primary care: protocol for a feasibility study. Artículo de revista
  13. Agarwal G; Ziesmann A; Paramalingam A; Nair K; Delleman B; Edwards D; Crowe S; Tye H (2025) Perceptions of primary care patients attending a legal health clinic: a qualitative descriptive study Estudio cualitativo descriptivo
  14. Anonymous (2025) Community Health Workers Systematically Assessing and Addressing Social Determinants of Health to Improve Outcomes in Community Health Centers (CHW-SYSTIM). Ensayo clínico
  15. Anonymous (2025) Measuring Patient Reported Needs in Outpatient Liver Disease Management. Ensayo clínico
  16. Elaine De Leon; Sneha Panganamamula; Antoinette Schoenthaler (2025) Health-Related Social Needs Discussions in Primary Care Encounters in Safety-Net Clinics: A Qualitative Analysis Artículo cualitativo
  17. Hudon et al. (2025) Planning the scale-up of integrated care for adults with complex health and social needs in Quebec Estudio de implementación y planificación
  18. Kelsea LeBeau; Erin M Bergner; Joyce W Harris; Laurie L Novak; Isaac Schlotterbeck; Sunil Kripalani; Lyndsay A Nelson (2025) Optimizing the Collection, Integration, and Use of Health-Related Social Needs Data in the Primary Care Setting: Recommendations Derived From Key Interest-Holders Artículo cualitativo
  19. Kosowan et al. (2025) Validation of a standardised approach to collect sociodemographic and social needs data in Canadian primary care: cross-sectional study of the SPARK tool Estudio de validación
  20. Llamocca EN; Bossick AS; White Perkins D; Ahmedani BK; Behrendt R; Bloemen A; Murphy A; Kulkarni A; Lockhart E (2025) Health-related social needs screening, reporting, and assistance in a large health system Estudio transversal de historias clínicas
  21. Napierala H; Jeske N; Roll S; Köberlein-Neu J; Herrmann WJ (2025) Social prescribing to improve health and well-being of patients presenting with non-medical health related social needs in primary care: Study protocol of a multi-center randomized controlled pragmatic feasibility trial Protocolo de ensayo aleatorizado pragmático
  22. Olson et al. (2025) Getting Inside Closed-Loop Referrals: Exploring the Patient Experience of Finding and Connecting to Social Care With a Community Resource Referral System Using a Community-Based Participatory Approach Métodos mixtos participativos
  23. Pola-Garcia M.; Enriquez Martin N.; Turon Lanuza A.; Mendez-Lopez F.; Gasch-Gallen A.; Lou Alcaine M.L.; Benede Azagra C.B. (2025) Assessing the implementation and impact of a social prescribing protocol in primary care. Artículo
  24. Rao M.; Maciejewski M.; Greene A.L.; Smith V.A.; Slightam C.; Cohen A.; Jacobs J.; Blalock D.V.; Kimerling R.; Zulman D.M. (2025) PREVALENCE OF 18 SOCIAL RISKS IN A NATIONAL SURVEY OF VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PATIENTS. Resumen de congreso
  25. Sidebottom et al. (2025) Health-Related Social Needs and Health Care Utilization in the Accountable Health Communities Model Cohorte / evaluación AHC
  26. Vest et al. (2025) Health-related social needs, methods, and concerns for a polysocial risk score: an expert panel Delphi / panel de expertos
  27. Agarwal et al. (2024) Integrating a Legal Clinic Program Within Urban Primary Healthcare Estudio de programa
  28. Carroll J.K.; Fernald D.H.; Hall T.L.; Groves H.M.; Grant G.; Sherrill A.; Crispe K.; Brown A.; Lampe S.; Perry Dickinson W. (2024) A Unique Model and Workforce to Address Health-Related Social Needs and Health Equity: Regional Health Connectors in Colorado. Artículo
  29. Drake et al. (2024) Implementation of NCCARE360, a Digital Statewide Closed-Loop Referral Platform to Improve Health and Social Care Coordination: Evidence from the North Carolina COVID-19 Support Services Program Estudio de caso de implementación
  30. Gore R; Engelberg RS; Johnson D; Jebb O; Schwartz MD; Islam N (2024) Integrating Community Health Workers' Dual Clinic-Community Role in Safety-Net Primary Care: Implementation Lessons from a Pragmatic Diabetes-Prevention Trial Estudio cualitativo de implementación
  31. Hatef E; Richards T; Topel K; Hail S; Kitchen C; Shaw K; Zhang T; Lasser EC; Weiner JP (2024) Piloting a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Identify Patients With Social Needs and Provide Navigation Services and Referral to Community-Based Organizations: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Protocolo de ensayo aleatorizado
  32. Hausmann et al. (2024) Participation of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in veteran-centric community-based service navigation networks: A mixed methods study Métodos mixtos interorganizacionales
  33. Hudon et al. (2024) Opportunities of integrated care to improve equity for adults with complex health and social needs: a qualitative study Estudio cualitativo
  34. Leung C.W.; Patel M.R.; Miller M.; Spring E.; Wang Z.; Wolfson J.A.; Cohen A.J.; Heisler M.; Hao W. (2024) Food Insecurity at a Large Academic Medical Center: Understanding the Five-Year Prevalence, Trends, Associated Health-Related Social Risks, and Requests for Assistance. Resumen de congreso
  35. Leung C.W.; Patel M.R.; Miller M.; Spring E.; Wang Z.; Wolfson J.A.; Cohen A.J.; Heisler M.; Hao W. (2024) Food Insecurity Prevalence and Risk Factors at a Large Academic Medical Center in Michigan. Artículo
  36. Moon et al. (2024) Automated Identification of Patients' Unmet Social Needs in Clinical Text Using Natural Language Processing Estudio de desarrollo y validación de algoritmos
  37. Parchman ML; Stefanik-Guizlo K; Penfold RB; Holden E; Shah AC (2024) Improving Diabetes Control in a Medicaid Managed Care Population With Complex Needs Evaluación de programa
  38. Sabatino et al. (2024) Identifying and addressing health-related social needs: a Medicaid member perspective Estudio cualitativo
  39. Sosso J.L.; Fischer K.M.; Lampman M.A.; Garrison G.M.; Stacey S.K.; Bernard M.E.; Foss R.M.; Jegen D.A.; Allen S.V.; Thacher T.D. (2024) Relationship Between Social Risks and Diabetes Metrics in a US Health System. Artículo
  40. Walker R.J.; Williams J.S.; Linde S.; Egede L.E. (2024) Social Risk and Clinical Outcomes Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Artículo
  41. Zeng et al. (2024) Patterns of Social Needs Among Patients in a Large Health System Análisis de clases latentes
  42. Anonymous (2023) The Hotspotters Project. Pursuing the Triple Aim in Hotspotters: Identification and Integrated Care. Ensayo clínico
  43. Egede L.E.; Walker R.J.; Linde S.; Williams J.S. (2023) IDENTIFYING INDIVIDUALS WITH HIGHEST SOCIAL RISK IN ADULTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: TWO PARAMETER ITEM RESPONSE THEORY METHODOLOGY. Resumen de congreso
  44. Emma L Karran et al. (2023) The 'what' and 'how' of screening for social needs in healthcare settings: a scoping review Revisión de alcance
  45. Kerry K Meltzer; Corinne M Rhodes; Anna U Morgan; Gillian L Lautenbach; Judy A Shea; Marguerite A Balasta (2023) Insights Into Patients' Perceptions of Health-Related Social Needs and the Role of the Adult Primary Care Clinic Artículo cualitativo
  46. Rao M.; Maciejewski M.; Nelson K.; Marcotte L.M.; Zulman D. (2023) BEYOND SCREENING AND REFERRAL: A PRAGMATIC FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS TO DETERMINE THE ACTIONABILITY OF SOCIAL RISKS. Resumen de congreso
  47. Williams J.S.; Linde S.; Walker R.J.; Egede L.E. (2023) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL RISK INDICATORS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES FOR ADULTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: A LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS. Resumen de congreso
  48. Albert et al. (2022) Do patients want clinicians to ask about social needs and include this information in their medical record? Encuesta transversal
  49. Alice F Yan et al. (2022) Effectiveness of Social Needs Screening and Interventions in Clinical Settings on Utilization, Cost, and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review Revisión sistemática
  50. Anna Louise Steeves-Reece et al. (2022) Social Needs Resource Connections: A Systematic Review of Barriers, Facilitators, and Evaluation Revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos
  51. Beidler et al. (2022) "More than just giving them a piece of paper": Interviews with Primary Care on Social Needs Referrals to Community-Based Organizations Estudio cualitativo nacional
  52. Broaddus-Shea et al. (2022) Health-related social needs screening communication in primary care: patient and staff perspectives Estudio cualitativo
  53. Jopling et al. (2022) TeamCare: an interprofessional primary care intervention for patients with complex health and social needs Protocolo / estudio de intervención
  54. Khan et al. (2022) Exploring Intra and Interorganizational Integration Efforts Involving the Primary Care Sector - A Case Study from Ontario Estudio de caso y enfoque de redes sociales
  55. Mathieu Bujold; Pierre Pluye; France Légaré; Participatory Review Team (2022) Decision-making and related outcomes of patients with complex care needs in primary care settings: a systematic literature review with a case-based qualitative synthesis Revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos
  56. McQueen et al. (2022) Associations among social needs, health and healthcare utilization, and desire for navigation services among US Medicaid beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes Encuesta transversal
  57. Simpson et al. (2022) Understanding social care need through primary care big data: a scoping review Revisión de alcance
  58. Tevaearai M; Hangartner E; Dory É; Abelairas H; Marion-Veyron R; Pahud Vermeulen B; Bodenmann P (2022) Chapitre 3.17. Une unité sociale installée au cœur des consultations de médecine générale Capítulo de libro / relato de experiencia
  59. Chagin et al. (2021) A Framework for Evaluating Social Determinants of Health Screening and Referrals for Assistance Desarrollo y aplicación de un marco
  60. Drake et al. (2021) Implementation of social needs screening in primary care: a qualitative study using the health equity implementation framework Estudio cualitativo de implementación
  61. Emily Ruiz Escobar; Shweta Pathak; Carrie M Blanchard (2021) Screening and Referral Care Delivery Services and Unmet Health-Related Social Needs: A Systematic Review Revisión sistemática
  62. Fiori et al. (2021) Scaling-up social needs screening in practice: a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of data from electronic health records from Bronx county, New York, USA Análisis retrospectivo de implementación
  63. Fraze et al. (2021) Resource Brokering: Efforts to Assist Patients With Housing, Transportation, and Economic Needs in Primary Care Estudio cualitativo organizacional
  64. Gruß I; Varga A; Brooks N; Gold R; Banegas MP (2021) Patient Interest in Receiving Assistance with Self-Reported Social Risks Estudio transversal
  65. Matthew W Kreuter; Rachel Garg; Linda Li; Laura McNulty; Tess Thompson; Amy McQueen; Alina A Luke (2021) How Do Social Needs Cluster Among Low-Income Individuals? Artículo
  66. Nguyen et al. (2021) Receipt of Social Needs Assistance and Health Center Patient Experience of Care Análisis de encuesta nacional
  67. Piemeu et al. (2021) Expectations and needs of socially vulnerable patients for navigational support of primary health care services Estudio cualitativo
  68. Sahil Sandhu; Jacqueline Xu; Howard Eisenson; Janet Prvu Bettger (2021) Workforce Models to Screen for and Address Patients' Unmet Social Needs in the Clinic Setting: A Scoping Review Revisión de alcance
  69. Boch et al. (2020) Integrative Review of Social Determinants of Health Screening Tools Used in Primary Care Revisión integradora
  70. Iott et al. (2020) More than a Database: Understanding Community Resource Referrals within a Socio-Technical Systems Framework Estudio cualitativo sociotécnico
  71. Johnston KJ; Mittler J; Hockenberry JM (2020) Patient social risk factors and continuity of care for Medicare beneficiaries. Artículo de revista; estudio observacional; financiación pública no estadounidense
  72. Krist et al. (2020) Enhanced care planning and clinical-community linkages versus usual care to address basic needs of patients with multiple chronic conditions: a clinician-level randomized controlled trial Protocolo de ensayo aleatorizado
  73. Manian et al. (2020) Social needs intervention dosage and successful resource connections Estudio observacional de programa
  74. Samuels-Kalow et al. (2020) The terminology of social emergency medicine: Measuring social determinants of health, social risk, and social need Artículo conceptual
  75. Berkowitz et al. (2019) Impact of Social Needs Navigation on Utilization Among High Utilizers in a Large Integrated Health System: a Quasi-experimental Study Estudio cuasiexperimental
  76. Santo et al. (2019) Patient-Defined Visit Priorities in Primary Care: Psychosocial Versus Medically Focused Concerns Estudio observacional
  77. Tudrej BV; Martinière A; Etonno R; Reif C; Emery S; Hervé C; Birault F (2019) Scores de précarité en pratique clinique Revisión de herramientas / artículo de síntesis
  78. Jules McGregor; Stewart W Mercer; Fiona M Harris (2018) Health benefits of primary care social work for adults with complex health and social needs: a systematic review Revisión sistemática
  79. Leppin et al. (2018) Applying Social Network Analysis to Evaluate Implementation of a Multisector Population Health Collaborative That Uses a Bridging Hub Organization Análisis de redes sociales de implementación
  80. Valaitis et al. (2018) Navigation delivery models and roles of navigators in primary care: a scoping literature review Revisión de alcance
  81. Flye Sainte Marie C; Querrioux I; Baumann C; Di Patrizio P (2015) Difficultés des médecins généralistes dans la prise en charge de leurs patients précaires Estudio de métodos mixtos
  82. Marron-Delabre A; Rivollier E; Bois C (2015) Relation médecin-patient en situation de précarité économique : point de vue des patients Estudio cualitativo
  83. Whitford D.L.; Chan W.-S. (2007) A randomised controlled trial of a lengthened and multi-disciplinary consultation model in a socially deprived community: A study protocol. Artículo

01.2 · Ejes de investigación

Ejes de investigación

Seis ejes que conectan preguntas de investigación con los trabajos y experiencias que las nutren. Cada tarjeta abre un contenido concreto del sitio.

Ejes principales

Ejes secundarios

01.3 · Publicaciones

Publicaciones y trabajos en curso

Aquí se presentan comunicaciones científicas, memorias defendidas y manuscritos en curso, con sus títulos originales, autores y estados respectivos.

BIBLIOTECA DE INVESTIGACIÓN

Explorar por tipo de trabajo

Manuscritos, pósteres, presentaciones y memorias en cuatro secciones intuitivas.

  1. 01Investigar
  2. 02Escribir
  3. 03Presentar
  4. 04Compartir
Colección seleccionada :Artículos científicos

Manuscritos enviados y en preparación

Artículos enviados y manuscritos en preparación, en paralelo a la tesis.

Sistemas de salud y atención primaria

Enviado a BJGP Open

Patient experience and potentially avoidable hospitalisations across OECD countries: exploratory ecological study

Éric Bernier (LL.M, PhD student), Nadia Sourial (PhD), Isabelle Vedel (PhD), Géraldine Layani (MD, M.Sc), Aurélien Algoet (MD), Matthieu Calafiore (MD, PhD)

Hospitalizaciones evitablesExperiencia del pacienteAtención primaria

Epistemología y transferencia de conocimientos

Redactado · Trabajo suspendido

Epistemic return in public health governance: The road back from health to science

Bernier, É.

El impacto de la investigación suele pensarse en un solo sentido, del conocimiento hacia las políticas y las prácticas. El artículo propone una salud pública concebida como ciencia reflexiva de la gobernanza: precisa en qué condiciones las consecuencias observadas en el terreno y los saberes de las poblaciones afectadas pueden exigir que se reexaminen las categorías, los indicadores y las reglas de origen. El concepto se traduce en una auditoría documental, puesta a prueba en cuatro cadenas institucionales.

Retorno epistémicoGobernanza reflexivaImpacto de la investigación

Gobernanza y espacio público

Manuscrito en preparación

Prise de parole des médecins dans l’espace public québécois lors des débats entourant le projet de loi n° 2 : une analyse qualitative du discours critique

Bernier, É., Aïssi, F., Diene Faye, C., Boukari Abdo, S.

Voz pública de los médicosDebate públicoPolíticas de salud

Derecho de la salud

Manuscrito en preparación

Vieillir chez soi à l’épreuve du droit : l’effectivité du choix du lieu de vie en droit français et en droit québécois

Bernier, É. · artículo de doctrina

Derecho sanitarioEnvejecer en casaElección del lugar de vida

01.4 · Postura de investigación

Postura de investigación

Una investigación situada, crítica y reflexiva

Mi postura investigadora aborda cómo se plantean los problemas, se construyen las categorías de análisis y se producen conocimientos abiertos a la discusión y la revisión. Articula una lectura relacional de las situaciones de salud, el examen de las instituciones y la reflexividad del investigador.

01Posicionamiento del investigador

Situar la mirada, explicitar las decisiones

Concibo a las personas como seres singulares, inscritos en relaciones, una historia y entornos sociales, materiales y vivos de los que dependen. Cada persona puede tener aspiraciones propias; las posibilidades de realizarlas también se construyen mediante condiciones de vida, recursos y relaciones. Esta tensión entre singularidad e interdependencia atraviesa mi comprensión de la salud.

Mi lugar como investigador está en ese mismo mundo. Mi trayectoria junto a personas con discapacidad, en derecho, gestión y salud pública orienta los problemas que advierto. Asumo esta posición como un punto de partida que examinar: hacer visibles mis decisiones, acoger la contradicción y permitir que la investigación desplace mis categorías.

La reflexividad consiste en examinar cómo la pregunta planteada, las categorías elegidas, los actores incluidos y las condiciones de la investigación orientan el conocimiento producido. Explicito estas decisiones, las interpretaciones alternativas y los límites de las conclusiones para que el razonamiento pueda discutirse.

01.5 · Métodos de investigación

Métodos de investigación utilizados

De la pregunta a la observación: cada pregunta requiere sus datos, su método de análisis y su interpretación. Elijo los métodos según lo que haya que esclarecer, cruzando disciplinas.

Diseñar un estudio, recoger datos y elegir una estrategia analítica son decisiones vinculadas a la pregunta de investigación. Las siguientes aproximaciones precisan sus posibilidades, exigencias y límites.

Métodos mixtos

Análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos integrados: análisis de redes, regresiones, análisis temático, análisis documental y cartografía, reunidos en tablas de integración.

Caja de herramientas

Análisis de datos

Positron (R)PythonNVivoQGISExcel

Colaboración y animación

MiroKlaxoonCanva

Ofimática

Office 365

Análisis de redes sociales egocéntrico y sociocéntrico

El análisis de redes sociales describe las relaciones entre actores y no solo sus atributos. El enfoque sociocéntrico examina el conjunto de vínculos de una población delimitada; el enfoque egocéntrico parte de una persona encuestada (ego) y de los interlocutores que nombra (alters). En mi tesis, la red es egocéntrica y parte del equipo de apoyo a domicilio (SAD) de cada CLSC (centro local de servicios comunitarios). Para cada viñeta, el equipo nombra las organizaciones a las que ha derivado a una persona mayor, o con las que ha colaborado, en los últimos 12 meses. Precisa el nivel de colaboración, de 1 (intercambio de información o derivación) a 4 (integración). Esta red declarada se compara con las derivaciones del 211 y con el atlas de recursos, y luego se explica en entrevistas.

Red egocéntrica de coordinación en promoción de la salud municipal: el actor focal (ego) en el centro, vinculado a sus interlocutores (alters).
Red egocéntrica de coordinación en promoción de la salud municipal: el actor focal (ego) en el centro, vinculado a sus interlocutores (alters). Figura 1 de Richter, Mamontova y Kühne (2026), BMC Health Services Research, CC BY 4.0
Red sociocéntrica de 27 organizaciones de salud mental y servicios sociales en Timor Oriental, según la frecuencia de contacto durante un año.
Red sociocéntrica de 27 organizaciones de salud mental y servicios sociales en Timor Oriental, según la frecuencia de contacto durante un año. Figura 2 de Hall et al. (2019), International Journal of Mental Health Systems, CC BY 4.0

Cartografía y sistemas de información geográfica

La cartografía y los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) vinculan los datos con su localización para describir la distribución de los servicios, las necesidades y las poblaciones en un territorio. Las medidas de accesibilidad potencial, como el método de áreas de captación flotantes en dos etapas (2SFCA), relacionan la oferta de servicios, la demanda y la distancia que las separa. Adquirí sus fundamentos en un MOOC de la Universidad de Ginebra. En mi tesis, la cartografía es el objetivo O2: un atlas de recursos por territorio de CLSC, la accesibilidad E2SFCA a pie y en transporte colectivo, y un índice de brecha entre necesidades y oferta.

  • Guagliardo, M. F. (2004). Spatial accessibility of primary care: Concepts, methods and challenges. International Journal of Health Geographics, 3, Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-3-3
  • Luo, W., & Wang, F. (2003). Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment: Synthesis and a case study in the Chicago region. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30(6), 865–884. https://doi.org/10.1068/b29120
  • Ngui, A. N., & Apparicio, P. (2011). Optimizing the two-step floating catchment area method for measuring spatial accessibility to medical clinics in Montreal. BMC Health Services Research, 11, Article 166. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-11-166
Accesibilidad espacial a las clínicas médicas de Montreal según el método 2SFCA, versión convencional y versión optimizada.
Accesibilidad espacial a las clínicas médicas de Montreal según el método 2SFCA, versión convencional y versión optimizada. Figura 3 de Ngui y Apparicio (2011), BMC Health Services Research, CC BY 2.0
Localización de los servicios de salud y servicios sociales del área metropolitana de Montreal en 2015, incluidos los CLSC (mapa d).
Localización de los servicios de salud y servicios sociales del área metropolitana de Montreal en 2015, incluidos los CLSC (mapa d). Figura 4 de Apparicio et al. (2017), International Journal of Health Geographics, CC BY 4.0

Programación reproducible: R y Python en Positron, y el shell

La programación reproducible consiste en llevar a cabo cada etapa de un análisis, desde la importación de los datos hasta las figuras, en scripts que pueden volver a ejecutarse y verificarse. Programo en R y en Python en Positron, el entorno de desarrollo de Posit, y encadeno los procesos en línea de comandos en el shell. En R, el tidyverse estructura la preparación de los datos; igraph y statnet sirven para construir las redes y calcular centralidad, densidad y cohesión; sf gestiona los datos espaciales. Python completa esta cadena para la preparación y la automatización de los datos. Todo enlaza, en un mismo proyecto documentado, los datos de red, los datos territoriales y las figuras.

  • Handcock, M. S., Hunter, D. R., Butts, C. T., Goodreau, S. M., & Morris, M. (2008). statnet: Software tools for the representation, visualization, analysis and simulation of network data. Journal of Statistical Software, 24(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v024.i01
  • Pebesma, E. (2018). Simple features for R: Standardized support for spatial vector data. The R Journal, 10(1), 439–446. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2018-009
  • Wickham, H., Averick, M., Bryan, J., Chang, W., McGowan, L. D., François, R., Grolemund, G., Hayes, A., Henry, L., Hester, J., Kuhn, M., Pedersen, T. L., Miller, E., Bache, S. M., Müller, K., Ooms, J., Robinson, D., Seidel, D. P., Spinu, V., . . . Yutani, H. (2019). Welcome to the tidyverse. Journal of Open Source Software, 4(43), Article 1686. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686
Red de organizaciones dedicadas a la prevención de zoonosis emergentes, coloreada por sector; análisis con igraph y statnet, figura producida en R con ggraph.
Red de organizaciones dedicadas a la prevención de zoonosis emergentes, coloreada por sector; análisis con igraph y statnet, figura producida en R con ggraph. Figura 2 de Clifford Astbury et al. (2024), Globalization and Health, CC BY 4.0
Sociogramas de las interacciones entre organizaciones en Guinea y Sierra Leona (malaria y COVID-19), producidos en R con el tidyverse, tidygraph y ggraph.
Sociogramas de las interacciones entre organizaciones en Guinea y Sierra Leona (malaria y COVID-19), producidos en R con el tidyverse, tidygraph y ggraph. Figura 1 de Feddern et al. (2025), PLOS ONE, CC BY 4.0

Análisis cualitativo temático y de redes

El análisis temático identifica, organiza e interpreta regularidades de sentido en un corpus de entrevistas o documentos, mediante un proceso iterativo que va de la codificación inicial a la definición de los temas. Realizo esta codificación en NVivo, que permite documentar el árbol de códigos, los memos y las agrupaciones sucesivas. En mi tesis, las entrevistas explicativas se centran en el mapa de la red de cada equipo de SAD. La Framework Method combina códigos deductivos e inductivos en una matriz participantes × temas para comparar sectores, posiciones en la red y perfiles. Se prevén una doble codificación del 20 % del corpus, un diario reflexivo y una devolución a los participantes antes de integrar los componentes cuantitativo y cualitativo.

Mapa temático resultante de un análisis temático reflexivo de entrevistas codificadas en NVivo, sobre el acceso a la atención primaria.
Mapa temático resultante de un análisis temático reflexivo de entrevistas codificadas en NVivo, sobre el acceso a la atención primaria. Figura 1 de Instone et al. (2026), BMC Primary Care, CC BY 4.0
Mapa de red dibujado durante una entrevista y luego digitalizado, en un análisis cualitativo de una red intersectorial de promoción de la salud.
Mapa de red dibujado durante una entrevista y luego digitalizado, en un análisis cualitativo de una red intersectorial de promoción de la salud. Figura 1 de Fleuren, Thiel y Frahsa (2021), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, CC BY 4.0

Análisis crítico del discurso

Realicé un análisis cualitativo del discurso crítico de los médicos quebequenses durante los debates sobre el proyecto de ley n.º 2. El corpus intencional reúne 42 documentos de prensa y comunicados (base Eureka, de mayo a diciembre de 2025), codificados cronológicamente hasta la estabilidad de la arquitectura de códigos. El análisis articula el modelo tridimensional de Fairclough (el texto, las prácticas de producción y circulación, el contexto sociopolítico), la teoría del encuadre y la atribución de roles narrativos: víctimas, responsables y protectores. Cada cita se rastrea hasta su fuente, y el análisis distingue lo que dicen los textos de su interpretación sociológica.

  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  • Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. Longman.
  • Hennink, M. M., Kaiser, B. N., & Marconi, V. C. (2017). Code saturation versus meaning saturation: How many interviews are enough? Qualitative Health Research, 27(4), 591–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316665344
  • Shanahan, E. A., Jones, M. D., & McBeth, M. K. (2018). How to conduct a Narrative Policy Framework study. The Social Science Journal, 55(3), 332–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2017.12.002
Práctica social: contexto sociopolíticoPráctica discursiva: producción y circulaciónTexto
Modelo tridimensional del análisis crítico del discurso Esquema según Fairclough (1995)

Estudios de caso: comprender organizaciones en contexto

El estudio de caso examina en profundidad un fenómeno situado: organización, territorio, política o dispositivo. Puede incluir un caso, varios o unidades integradas; su fortaleza reside en relacionar el fenómeno con su contexto.

Delimitar y seleccionar
Precisar la unidad de análisis, las fronteras temporales y organizativas y la selección: casos típicos, contrastantes o especialmente informativos.
Combinar materiales
Articular entrevistas, documentos, observaciones y datos cuantitativos. Analizar cada caso antes de realizar comparaciones transversales cuando el diseño incluye varios.
Alcance de las conclusiones
Mantener una cadena de evidencias, examinar explicaciones alternativas y describir el contexto. La transferibilidad se fundamenta en el razonamiento analítico, sin suponer representatividad estadística.
  1. Delimitar el caso
  2. Combinar fuentes
  3. Analizar mecanismos
  4. Discutir la transferibilidad
Investigación contextualizada, con unidades y lógica comparativa explícitas.

Entrevistas cualitativas: experiencias, prácticas y lógicas de acción

Las entrevistas, especialmente semiestructuradas, exploran el significado de experiencias, decisiones y prácticas. Una guía abierta organiza los temas y permite repreguntas, cuestiones inesperadas y contradicciones.

Muestreo intencional
Buscar perspectivas pertinentes y contrastantes. Ajustar el reclutamiento a la riqueza informativa, especificidad de la muestra y calidad del diálogo, sin fijar un tamaño universal.
Recogida y análisis
Preprobar la guía, obtener consentimiento y documentar las condiciones, transcripción y seudonimización. Vincular los códigos con fragmentos, por ejemplo mediante una matriz de Framework Method.
Reflexividad y transparencia
Explicitar la posición del investigador, las relaciones de investigación y las decisiones interpretativas. COREQ favorece informes transparentes; las entrevistas no permiten estimar prevalencias.
  • Malterud, K., Siersma, V. D., & Guassora, A. D. (2016). Sample size in qualitative interview studies: Guided by information power. Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1753–1760. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315617444
  • Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., & Redwood, S. (2013). Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13, Article 117. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-117
  • Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
  1. Elegir perspectivas
  2. Entrevistar y documentar
  3. Codificar e interpretar
  4. Discutir contraejemplos
El material surge de una interacción: contexto y reflexividad forman parte del análisis.

Diseño e implementación de cuestionarios

Una encuesta traduce una pregunta de investigación en medidas comparables. Articula población objetivo, estrategia de muestreo, selección de preguntas y modalidad de administración: en línea, telefónica o presencial.

Construir las medidas
Definir conceptos, elegir ítems adecuados y precisar periodos de referencia. Una escala nueva exige examinar validez de contenido, estructura y fiabilidad; no todo cuestionario es una escala psicométrica.
Preprobar y desplegar
Utilizar entrevistas cognitivas para explorar la interpretación de preguntas, seguidas de un piloto. Prever accesibilidad, idiomas, duración, consentimiento, confidencialidad y recordatorios adecuados.
Caracterizar las estimaciones
Documentar cobertura, participación, no respuesta y datos ausentes. Aplicar ponderaciones cuando el diseño lo requiera; un gran tamaño no corrige por sí solo el sesgo de selección.
  1. Definir y muestrear
  2. Construir y preprobar
  3. Administrar y seguir
  4. Evaluar la calidad
La calidad se construye antes, durante y después de administrar el cuestionario.

Análisis de datos secundarios

El análisis secundario reutiliza encuestas, cohortes, datos administrativos o institucionales para responder a una pregunta definida. Exige comprender por qué, de quiénes y cómo se produjeron los datos.

Adecuación de los datos
Examinar población cubierta, unidades de observación, calendario, diccionarios de variables y comparabilidad. Distinguir indicadores administrativos de medidas directas de necesidades o experiencias.
Preparación reproducible
Documentar acceso autorizado, limpieza, recodificación, vinculación y exclusiones. Considerar el diseño de encuesta y los cambios de definición; registrar las transformaciones en scripts.
Sesgos y transparencia
Examinar errores de medida, datos ausentes, selección y confusión. RECORD orienta el informe sobre datos sanitarios rutinarios; su disponibilidad no garantiza representatividad ni identificación causal.
  • Cheng, H. G., & Phillips, M. R. (2014). Secondary analysis of existing data: Opportunities and implementation. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 26(6), 371–375. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4311114/
  • Benchimol, E. I., Smeeth, L., Guttmann, A., Harron, K., Moher, D., Petersen, I., Sørensen, H. T., von Elm, E., Langan, S. M., & RECORD Working Committee. (2015). The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) Statement. PLOS Medicine, 12(10), Article e1001885. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001885
  1. Evaluar la adecuación
  2. Documentar la procedencia
  3. Armonizar y analizar
  4. Evaluar la robustez
Partir de la pregunta y de la producción de los datos, explicitando las transformaciones.

Inferencia causal y evaluación cuasiexperimental

La inferencia causal estudia el efecto de una intervención o exposición frente a una alternativa definida. Distingue preguntas causales de asociaciones observadas y articula población, intervención, comparación, temporalidad y resultado.

Definir el efecto de interés
Precisar el estimando y el tiempo cero; explicitar las relaciones supuestas mediante un grafo causal (DAG). Cuando corresponda, definir el ensayo objetivo que podrían emular los datos.
Elegir la identificación
Examinar intercambiabilidad, positividad y consistencia. Estandarización, ponderación y otros ajustes dependen de los datos; diferencias en diferencias requiere, entre otras condiciones, tendencias paralelas plausibles.
Examinar alternativas
Las series temporales interrumpidas exigen examinar tendencia, estacionalidad, autocorrelación y acontecimientos concurrentes. La interpretación incluye análisis de sensibilidad y límites por confusión residual.
  • Hernán, M. A., & Robins, J. M. (2020). Causal inference: What if. Chapman & Hall/CRC. https://miguelhernan.org/whatifbook
  • Lopez Bernal, J., Cummins, S., & Gasparrini, A. (2017). Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: A tutorial. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(1), 348–355. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw098
  1. Formular el efecto causal
  2. Explicitar supuestos
  3. Identificar y estimar
  4. Evaluar la sensibilidad
La estimación causal depende de un diseño y supuestos defendibles; el modelo estadístico opera en ese marco.

Análisis comparativo de sistemas de salud: MSSD y MDSD

La comparación relaciona gobernanza, financiación, recursos, organización de servicios y resultados. Carsten Anckar examina dos estrategias de selección: most similar systems design (MSSD) y most different systems design (MDSD).

MSSD · Sistemas más similares
Comparar sistemas próximos en dimensiones contextuales, pero con resultados diferentes, para examinar diferencias organizativas o políticas que podrían explicarlos.
MDSD · Sistemas más diferentes
Comparar sistemas contrastantes con un resultado común para explorar factores compartidos que podrían contribuir a él. Estas estrategias orientan la selección; no constituyen aleatorización.
Comparaciones pertinentes
Justificar países o territorios, armonizar conceptos, periodos e indicadores y analizar mecanismos y trayectorias. Considerar diferencias internas, historia de reformas y límites de inferir a partir de pocos sistemas.
  • Anckar, C. (2008). On the applicability of the most similar systems design and the most different systems design in comparative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(5), 389–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570701401552
  • World Health Organization & European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. (2022). Health system performance assessment: A framework for policy analysis. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240042476/
  1. Definir el resultado
  2. Justificar MSSD o MDSD
  3. Armonizar indicadores
  4. Comparar mecanismos
La selección intencional de sistemas responde a una pregunta explicativa, más allá de clasificaciones de rendimiento.

01.6 · Síntesis documental · 14 de octubre de 2026

IA: programar, producir conocimiento y pensar sus efectos en la sociedad

Esta sección reúne la programación asistida, la creación de herramientas y la reflexión sobre investigación, aprendizaje y salud pública. Se apoya en trabajos científicos sobre los beneficios, límites y transformaciones sociales de estas tecnologías.

01Programación y agentes

Dirigir un desarrollo asistido

Un asistente conversacional propone una respuesta; un agente puede encadenar lectura de archivos, modificaciones y ejecución de herramientas. Esto cambia la organización del trabajo: hay que delimitar sus acciones, conservar un registro y valorar la solución producida.

De la necesidad a la especificación

Definir usuarios, datos necesarios, funciones esperadas y restricciones de accesibilidad. Dividir los cambios en unidades comprensibles permite discutir una solución y retomar el trabajo sin perder su lógica.

Contexto del proyecto y arquitectura

La coherencia depende de archivos, dependencias, estructuras de datos y decisiones previas. Un código localmente plausible puede no encajar en el proyecto: el asistente necesita ese contexto.

Depuración, revisión y mantenimiento

Leer un error, reproducir el problema, explicar su causa y corregir la parte afectada. Importan tanto la mantenibilidad como el funcionamiento inmediato: nombres explícitos, documentación, versiones y posibilidad de revertir cambios.

Controlar la autonomía de los agentes

Adaptar permisos, acciones y puntos de decisión a lo que está en juego. Un agente que actúa sobre archivos, datos o servicios requiere más supervisión que una sugerencia textual.

Bengio et al. (2026)

Fiabilidad del código científico

Examinar unidades, datos ausentes, transformaciones e hipótesis. Ejemplos conocidos, controles específicos y reproducibilidad permiten valorar el comportamiento del programa y el significado científico de sus resultados.

Medir el valor producido

La productividad depende de la tarea, la experiencia y la herramienta. El estudio de METR de 2025 y su actualización metodológica de 2026 distinguen rapidez percibida, calidad y ganancias medidas.

Becker et al. (2025) · METR (2026)

El número de líneas generadas es un indicador pobre. Me interesa una herramienta útil, comprensible, accesible y que pueda evolucionar.

02.1 · Implementación

Transferencia de conocimientos e implementación

Hacer circular los saberes entre las personas, los entornos de práctica y la investigación, y examinar después lo que realmente permiten cambiar.

02Transferencia de conocimientos e implementación

03 · Implementación

Transferencia de conocimientos e implementación

Hacer circular los saberes entre las personas, los entornos de práctica y la investigación, y examinar después lo que realmente permiten cambiar.

En mi tesis, la movilización de conocimientos acompaña la investigación: no es un estudio de implementación ni una evaluación de políticas.

Recursos

Formación completadaMobilizeU, movilización de conocimientos · Research Impact Canada y York University, 2026 · Más información

Cinco tiempos

Transferencia de conocimientos e implementaciónCinco tiempos

Construir la pregunta con los entornos de práctica

Todo comienza con la escucha: identificar con los entornos las necesidades y las decisiones a iluminar, luego precisar quién participa, en qué momento y con qué influencia. Los planes de transferencia suelen ignorar a menudo el conocimiento fino de los públicos (Tchameni Ngamo y al., 2016); la aplicación integrada del conocimiento, en cambio, incluye a los usuarios de los resultados desde la formulación de la pregunta (Jull y al., 2017). El respeto, la pertinencia, la reciprocidad y la responsabilidad guían esta primera reunión (Kirkness y Barnhardt, 1991).

NecesidadesParticipación

Estos cinco tiempos se inspiran en el modelo del conocimiento a la acción (Graham et al., 2006) y en el marco de Ward (2017).

Cada eje vincula la literatura científica con mi práctica.

Ocho ejes de la movilización de conocimientosLiteratura científica

Hacer circular los saberes en ambos sentidos

Mobilizar, es hacer circular los conocimientos de la investigación hacia los entornos, pero también de los entornos y las personas hacia la investigación. El modelo de conocimientos a la acción distingue la creación de conocimientos y el ciclo de su puesta en práctica: identificar un problema, adaptar los conocimientos al contexto, detectar los obstáculos, apoyar y seguir el uso (Graham y al., 2006). Cinco preguntas organizan la démarche, qué transferir, a quién, por quién, cómo y con qué efecto, y se mobilizan primero conjuntos de evidencia en lugar de un estudio aislado (Grimshaw y al., 2012). El brokerage de conocimientos da un rostro a este trabajo de enlace (Munerol y al., 2013).

Graham et al. (2006)Grimshaw et al. (2012)Ward et al. (2012)Munerol et al. (2013)

En mi tesis: un plan de movilización de conocimientos

Por qué, qué, para quién, cómo

El marco de Ward estructura el plan en cuatro preguntas: precisar el qué, el porqué y el quién antes de elegir el cómo, los formatos y los canales.

(Ward, 2017)

Del conocimiento a la acción

El modelo del conocimiento a la acción enmarca la producción, la adaptación, la comunicación y el seguimiento de los conocimientos, sin pretender garantizar su adopción duradera.

(Graham et al., 2006)

Alianzas basadas en las 4R

Respeto, pertinencia, reciprocidad y responsabilidad guían las alianzas con los pacientes y los entornos de práctica, apoyándose en el marco de participación de pacientes de los IRSC.

(Kirkness y Barnhardt, 1991; IRSC, 2014; Bowen y Graham, 2013)

Un diálogo deliberativo

Un diálogo con los equipos de SAD y sus socios convierte los modelos de trayectorias y los mapas en puntos de referencia contextualizados, con un retorno a los participantes. La participación se informa según GRIPP2.

(Boyko et al., 2012; Lavis et al., 2009; Staniszewska et al., 2017)

Seguir la contribución, no la atribución

Cuatro indicadores (producción, alcance, apropiación, uso documentado) y un registro permiten valorar la contribución plausible de la investigación, sin atribuirle los cambios posteriores.

(Morton, 2015)

Referencias en ciencia de la implementación

CFIR 2.0

Examinar el contexto y los determinantes que facilitan o frenan la implementación.

(Damschroder et al., 2022)

Resultados de implementación

Distinguir aceptabilidad, adopción, pertinencia, factibilidad, fidelidad, costo, penetración y sostenibilidad.

(Proctor et al., 2011)

Impacto de la investigación

Los marcos de impacto cartografían sobre todo el camino de ida, de la investigación a la práctica; mis trabajos examinan también el camino de vuelta.

(Greenhalgh et al., 2016; Brownson et al., 2026)

Enfoque por contribuciones

Vincular las producciones con los usos y después con los cambios documentados, examinando otras influencias posibles.

(Morton, 2015; Bayley y Phipps, 2019)

Coproducción y traslación integrada

Los mecanismos de coproducción dependen de la infraestructura, de la claridad de los roles y del reparto del poder; sus costos también cuentan.

(Graham et al., 2019; Kothari et al., 2025; Oliver et al., 2019)

Una ciencia de la implementación crítica

Teorizar en lugar de aplicar los marcos como listas de verificación.

(Kislov et al., 2019)

Participación y deliberación

Diseñar y evaluar procesos de participación pública que dejen constancia de su influencia.

(Abelson et al., 2003; OCDE, 2022)

Por qué la implementación

Demostrar que una innovación es eficaz no basta para garantizar que será adoptada.

(Bauer y Kirchner, 2020)

Estrategias de implementación

La compilación ERIC ofrece un vocabulario común de 73 estrategias para describir, seleccionar e informar las estrategias empleadas.

(Powell et al., 2015)

Intervenciones complejas

La implementación se convierte en una fase por derecho propio, con el contexto, la teoría del programa y las partes interesadas en el centro.

(Skivington et al., 2021)

Implementar con las personas mayores

En Quebec, la implementación de un acompañamiento ciudadano para la participación social de las personas mayores arroja luz sobre las condiciones que importan.

(Gobeil et al., 2023)

Referencias (APA)
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02.2 · Transmisión

«Hacer con» y no «hacer por»

Dieciséis nociones para comprender los vínculos entre las personas, la producción de saberes y la transformación de los sistemas. Cada una se define, se relaciona con mi enfoque y se acompaña de referencias científicas o institucionales en formato APA.

01Personas y capacidad de actuar

Personas y capacidad de actuar

Autodeterminación

Ser protagonista de la propia vida: elegir, decidir y perseguir objetivos con sentido personal. Esto requiere oportunidades reales de elección, reconocimiento de las preferencias y apoyos adaptados a las capacidades y al contexto de la persona.

En mi enfoque

En el acompañamiento educativo y la reflexión sobre la elección del lugar de vida, apoyar las preferencias de la persona y su posibilidad de actuar.

Para precisar. El modelo funcional de Wehmeyer describe las conductas autodeterminadas; la teoría de Ryan y Deci aborda la motivación y las necesidades de autonomía, competencia y vinculación.

Referencias (APA)
  1. Lachapelle, Y., Wehmeyer, M. L., Haelewyck, M.-C., Courbois, Y., Keith, K. D., Schalock, R., Verdugo, M. A., & Walsh, P. N. (2005). The relationship between quality of life and self-determination: An international study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(10), 740–744. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00743.x
  2. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  3. Wehmeyer, M. L. (2005). Self-determination and individuals with severe disabilities: Re-examining meanings and misinterpretations. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 30(3), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.2511/rpsd.30.3.113

Poder de actuar (empoderamiento)

Desarrollar la posibilidad real de una persona o un colectivo de actuar sobre lo que considera importante. Este proceso articula competencias, recursos, derechos, reconocimiento y acceso a espacios de decisión.

En mi enfoque

Diseñar herramientas que preserven las elecciones de sus usuarios y examinar los obstáculos sociales y organizativos que las limitan.

Para precisar. El poder de actuar comprende dimensiones individuales, colectivas y estructurales; el acceso a los recursos cuenta junto a las disposiciones personales.

Referencias (APA)
  1. Le Bossé, Y. (2003). De l’« habilitation » au « pouvoir d’agir » : vers une appréhension plus circonscrite de la notion d’empowerment. Nouvelles pratiques sociales, 16(2), 30–51. https://doi.org/10.7202/009841ar
  2. Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15(2), 121–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00919275

Participación activa

Incluir a las personas en las preguntas y decisiones que las afectan, facilitando los medios para contribuir: información comprensible, tiempo, accesibilidad y reconocimiento. Su influencia puede abarcar necesidades, opciones, elecciones y evaluación.

En mi enfoque

En las iniciativas de colaboración, precisar quién participa, cuándo y cómo sus aportaciones influyen en las decisiones.

Para precisar. La consulta, la colaboración y la decisión compartida implican grados distintos de influencia. Explicitar esa influencia permite apreciar el alcance de la participación.

Referencias (APA)
  1. Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225
  2. Carman, K. L., Dardess, P., Maurer, M., Sofaer, S., Adams, K., Bechtel, C., & Sweeney, J. (2013). Patient and family engagement: A framework for understanding the elements and developing interventions and policies. Health Affairs, 32(2), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1133

Equidad

Crear condiciones más justas de acceso a los recursos, la participación y la salud, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades y los obstáculos. La equidad aborda desventajas evitables e injustas que frenan la realización de las capacidades y aspiraciones.

En mi enfoque

En mis valores y reflexiones en salud pública, considerar las condiciones sociales y los apoyos que hacen posibles elecciones reales.

Para precisar. Pueden necesitarse apoyos diferentes para que todas las personas ejerzan sus capacidades y concreten sus elecciones.

Referencias (APA)
  1. Braveman, P., & Gruskin, S. (2003). Defining equity in health. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 57(4), 254–258. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.57.4.254
  2. World Health Organization. (2024). Achieving well-being: A global framework for integrating well-being into public health utilizing a health promotion approach. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/376200

02.3 · Docencia

Enseñar para comprender, ejercer el juicio y actuar con los demás

Mi proyecto académico prolonga una pregunta que atraviesa mi trayectoria como educador especializado: ¿cómo crear las condiciones para que una persona desarrolle sus capacidades, ejerza su juicio y participe en una acción colectiva? En salud pública, esta pregunta relaciona el dominio del conocimiento, la atención a las experiencias humanas y la responsabilidad de las decisiones. Quiero convertirla en el hilo conductor de mi enseñanza.

01Visión de la enseñanza

Formar a personas capaces de comprender una situación y participar en ella

El conocimiento como capacidad de comprensión y acción

Enseñar en la universidad implica más que organizar contenidos para su reproducción. Supone facilitar el acceso a conocimientos exigentes, a su historia y a los procedimientos que permiten discutirlos. Quiero que el alumnado pueda explicar cómo se ha producido una conclusión, qué permite afirmar y qué sigue siendo incierto. Un concepto adquiere valor formativo cuando transforma la lectura de una situación: reconocer un determinante social, hacer visible una decisión organizativa o comprender por qué una intervención produce efectos diferentes según las personas.

A partir de la distinción de Biesta entre cualificación, socialización y subjetivación, concibo tres responsabilidades complementarias: transmitir conocimientos y capacidades, facilitar la entrada en una comunidad de prácticas y favorecer que cada persona encuentre su posición como sujeto. Formar a profesionales competentes también requiere que puedan cuestionar las normas de su ámbito, argumentar un desacuerdo y responder por las consecuencias de su actuación.

Una autoridad pedagógica que hace accesible el razonamiento

Mi función sería organizar una progresión, nombrar las exigencias y explicitar los criterios de un razonamiento sólido. La participación del alumnado se apoya en ese marco. Un diálogo fecundo requiere conocimientos, preparación y reglas que permitan confrontar los argumentos respetando a las personas. Quiero explicar mis decisiones pedagógicas, acoger las objeciones y reconocer un límite o un error. La autoridad universitaria encuentra así su legitimidad en una responsabilidad asumida y en la posibilidad de discutir sus razones.

Freire y hooks ofrecen referencias para pensar una relación en la que cuenta la experiencia del alumnado y el aprendizaje compromete su relación con el mundo. Retengo una exigencia: dar espacio a la palabra y someter las afirmaciones a examen. Una experiencia vivida puede revelar una pregunta decisiva; una proposición empírica requiere después fuentes y métodos adecuados. Respetar a una persona y discutir la validez de una afirmación forman parte del mismo trabajo educativo.

Fuentes de esta reflexión : Biesta (2009) · Freire (2018) · hooks (1994)

02.4 · Divulgación científica

Compartir conocimientos, facilitar la comprensión y abrir el diálogo

Quiero que la divulgación científica sea un espacio para comprender una pregunta, examinar las razones de una afirmación y participar en la discusión. Mi trayectoria en educación especializada, derecho, gestión y salud pública alimenta una atención común: conectar conocimientos rigurosos con situaciones vividas, preservando la incertidumbre y la diversidad de perspectivas. Esta sección reúne una visión, explicaciones visuales, propuestas de formatos y recursos para la práctica.

Formatos complementarios con una misma exigencia

Carrusel: organizar una progresión visual

Vídeo: hacer visible un mecanismo

Pódcast: poner perspectivas en diálogo

01Visión y públicos

Una ciencia abierta a la discusión y útil para la vida colectiva

Comprender, orientarse y participar

Acceder a información no proporciona automáticamente los medios para interpretarla. Quiero explicar cómo se construye un conocimiento, qué cambia en la comprensión de un problema y qué queda abierto. Aspiro a que las personas puedan formular preguntas más precisas, reconocer una limitación y contextualizar una decisión. La curiosidad abre el encuentro; poder recuperar las fuentes y discutir las razones le da profundidad.

Hacer con los públicos

Mi experiencia como educador especializado me invita a partir de las capacidades, limitaciones y proyectos de las personas. Un cuidador familiar, un estudiante y una persona vinculada a una asociación pueden acercarse al mismo tema con preguntas diferentes. Quiero que sus experiencias orienten el punto de entrada y hagan visibles problemas que a veces oculta el lenguaje institucional. Este diálogo requiere tiempo, escucha y una respuesta sobre lo que se ha tenido en cuenta.

Responsabilidad al conectar perspectivas

Comunicar sobre salud implica datos, experiencias y decisiones colectivas. Quiero distinguir estos registros: un testimonio ilumina una experiencia situada; un estudio aborda una pregunta bajo ciertas condiciones; una decisión moviliza también valores y restricciones. Ponerlos en diálogo ayuda a comprender desacuerdos. Esto requiere precisar mi función, las fuentes y los posibles intereses implicados, y hacer visibles las correcciones necesarias.

Cuatro formas de relación con los públicos

Explicar

Poner un conocimiento a disposición.

Una cápsula explica qué son las necesidades sociales concurrentes.

Dialogar

Intercambiar preguntas, conocimientos y objeciones.

Un encuentro revela dificultades al pasar entre servicios.

Coconstruir

Compartir decisiones sobre el contenido o el proceso.

Las personas concernidas ayudan a elegir ejemplos y preguntas.

Deliberar

Examinar conjuntamente opciones y consecuencias.

Un taller compara respuestas a un problema organizativo.

Estas formas responden a objetivos distintos y pueden combinarse. Invitar a comentar no equivale a compartir una decisión: hay que precisar qué está realmente abierto a la participación.

Para profundizar : National Academies (2017) · NCCPE · Public engagement · UNESCO (2021) · Open science

03.1 · Biografía

De las experiencias humanas a las transformaciones colectivas

Educador especializado, jurista, emprendedor y doctorando en salud pública, construí mi trayectoria en el encuentro de distintos mundos: el acompañamiento de las personas, la gestión de las organizaciones, el derecho, las políticas públicas y la investigación.

Detrás de esta diversidad hay una misma ambición: comprender los mecanismos que dan forma a las trayectorias individuales y colectivas, para contribuir a sociedades más justas, solidarias y capaces de reconocer las posibilidades de actuar de cada persona.

Mi camino, personal y profesional, alimenta una convicción: las realidades humanas no pueden separarse de los sistemas sociales, organizativos y políticos en los que se inscriben.

Sigue una dinámica ascendente: del acompañamiento de las personas hacia la transformación de las organizaciones y de las políticas de salud y de servicios sociales, con una orientación clara hacia el apoyo a la decisión pública.

Las realidades humanas no pueden separarse de los sistemas sociales, organizativos y políticos en los que se inscriben.
  1. 01

    Construirse fuera de las trayectorias convencionales

    Mi trayectoria comienza en Francia, en un medio popular, marcado en particular por una experiencia en la protección de la infancia y por el abandono de la escuela a los dieciséis años.

    Lejos de un recorrido académico convencional, fui construyendo mi trayectoria a través del trabajo, la exploración de distintos entornos y la vuelta a los estudios.

    Estas experiencias, al igual que mi neuroatipia, alimentaron mi independencia de pensamiento, mi capacidad de adaptación y mi interés por los mecanismos de reproducción social, de emancipación y de solidaridad. Hoy forman parte de mi mirada sobre las instituciones y sobre la diversidad de las experiencias humanas.

  2. 02

    La creación, el encuentro y la ética del cuidado

    Mi interés por la música me llevó a cursar una licenciatura en musicología, en paralelo a mis primeras experiencias en la animación sociocultural y, después, a la responsabilidad de estancias adaptadas para personas con discapacidad.

    Más allá de sus diferencias, estos mundos me permitieron explorar las relaciones humanas en varias dimensiones: la expresión individual, la vida colectiva, el acompañamiento y la responsabilidad hacia los demás.

    A lo largo de once años de compromiso junto a la vulnerabilidad humana, estas experiencias fueron dando un lugar central a la ética del cuidado, al reconocimiento de las capacidades individuales y a la importancia de un acompañamiento que favorezca la autonomía y no la dependencia. También me mostraron la fuerza de la solidaridad.

  3. 03

    Del acompañamiento a la autodeterminación

    Tras varios años de compromiso en el terreno, quise dar una nueva orientación a mi actividad profesional, guiado por una reflexión sobre la utilidad social y sobre el lugar que deseaba ocupar en la sociedad.

    Así retomé los estudios en educación especializada para profundizar en los fundamentos teóricos, éticos y metodológicos del acompañamiento en los sectores social y sociosanitario, centrando mi práctica en la autodeterminación y en el «hacer con» las personas.

    Mi memoria de práctica profesional, dedicada a la influencia de las prácticas educativas en la autodeterminación, marcó un punto de inflexión en mis preguntas: ¿cómo favorecer la libertad de elección de las personas cuando las condiciones de su acompañamiento dependen también del funcionamiento de las instituciones?

  4. 04

    Comprender las organizaciones para transformar las prácticas

    Esta pregunta me llevó a ampliar mi reflexión a las propias organizaciones.

    Cursé una formación en dirección y gestión de establecimientos sanitarios y sociosanitarios, así como un diploma universitario en emprendimiento en el IAE de Brest, obtenido en 2024.

    Allí profundicé en los retos de la gestión, la financiación, la coordinación, los recursos humanos y la conducción del cambio, y comprobé que las dificultades de las estructuras, desde la financiación hasta el trabajo en red y la contratación, dependían en gran medida de las políticas públicas de salud.

    Sobre todo, busqué comprender las condiciones que permiten a los profesionales traducir sus intenciones en prácticas efectivas, y a las organizaciones conciliar sus limitaciones con las necesidades de las personas.

  5. 05

    Del funcionamiento de las instituciones a la gobernanza de los sistemas de salud

    El estudio de las organizaciones me llevó a explorar los mecanismos que orientan sus decisiones: los marcos jurídicos, las políticas públicas, la planificación, los mecanismos de financiación y las modalidades de gobernanza.

    Continué esta reflexión en la Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, en derecho público, sanitario y social, para superar los problemas de gestión y adoptar un enfoque multinivel del sistema de salud y de los instrumentos jurídicos de la solidaridad nacional, y después como encargado de proyectos en la Agencia nacional francesa de apoyo al desempeño (ANAP).

    Esta experiencia me permitió trabajar en la articulación entre las orientaciones nacionales y las realidades operativas, traduciendo esas orientaciones en dispositivos concretos, en contacto con los retos de gestores, profesionales y usuarios del sistema de salud.

    Reforzó mi interés por las dificultades de implementación de las políticas públicas, sobre todo cuando las respuestas exigen superar las fronteras entre organizaciones y sectores. Consolidada por una memoria de investigación, esta inmersión reveló las dificultades de implementación de los modelos de atención y servicios integrados, y la necesidad de un enfoque intersectorial e interdisciplinario frente a las prácticas en silos. Entonces me dirigí a varios investigadores quebequenses, presentándoles mis constataciones y un proyecto para contrastar los sistemas de salud, en busca de respuestas a las dificultades de implementación de la permanencia en el domicilio.

  6. 06

    Producir conocimientos para esclarecer la acción colectiva

    Hoy, mi doctorado en salud pública en la Université de Montréal, bajo la dirección de las Dras. N. Sourial y G. Layani, prolonga este camino.

    Mis trabajos abordan la organización de los sistemas de salud y de servicios sociales, las necesidades sociales de las poblaciones, las colaboraciones intersectoriales y las condiciones de implementación de respuestas integradas, en particular en el apoyo a domicilio.

    Mi enfoque es decididamente interdisciplinario y pragmático. Busca acercar las experiencias vividas, los conocimientos científicos y las realidades de la toma de decisiones para comprender mejor los fenómenos estudiados y contribuir a transformar las prácticas y las políticas públicas.

    Presto una atención particular a las personas que pierden autonomía y a quienes están lejos de los servicios, a la investigación participativa que reconoce a los pacientes como productores de saberes, a la transferencia de conocimientos y a su movilización por las personas, los profesionales, las organizaciones y quienes toman las decisiones.

    Esta voluntad de crear, experimentar y proponer se prolonga también en el emprendimiento, en particular con el desarrollo de OWNNIGHT, un proyecto en creación.

Una visión que une experiencias, saberes y acción

Creo que los saberes académicos, profesionales y experienciales ganan al confrontarse en lugar de jerarquizarse.

Mi trayectoria me ha permitido descubrir distintos estratos de la sociedad y del sistema de salud, ocupar en ellos posiciones diversas y observar sus interacciones. Esta pluralidad de perspectivas es hoy uno de los recursos de mi trabajo científico.

Para mí, la investigación es un instrumento de comprensión, pero también de emancipación humana, de justicia social y de apoyo a la decisión colectiva. Su valor reside tanto en el rigor de los conocimientos producidos como en su capacidad de alimentar el debate, esclarecer las decisiones y sostener su puesta en práctica.

Se inscribe en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas: mejorar el bienestar de las personas mayores, reducir las desigualdades ante la permanencia en el domicilio y consolidar instituciones inclusivas y responsables. A largo plazo, aspiro a ser un investigador autónomo, reconocido por su compromiso de articular datos probatorios, diálogo entre las partes interesadas y divulgación al gran público.

Curiosidad intelectual, resiliencia, autonomía, sentido crítico, coconstrucción y audacia para emprender son valores que atraviesan mi camino.

Deseo continuar esta exploración en la interfaz entre disciplinas y entornos, convencido de que las respuestas a los desafíos actuales de salud pública exigen hacer dialogar a las personas, los saberes y las instituciones.

Ad astra per aspera: a través de las dificultades hasta las estrellas.

03.2 · La trayectoria

Formación y experiencia

Del terreno a las políticas de salud

De la educación especializada al doctorado: los títulos, los puestos y las formaciones que marcan la trayectoria.

Formación continua · 2026

  • Conducta responsable en la investigación · CRCHUM
  • Práctica de auxiliar de investigación · Université de Montréal
  • MobilizeU, movilización de conocimientos · Research Impact Canada y Universidad York

Títulos franceses evaluados por el MIFI (Quebec) y WES Canada.

  1. En curso
    Emprendimiento

    Creación de OWNNIGHT · emprendedor

    Aplicación Android de bienestar y educación sobre el sueño: plan personalizado, lecciones y sesiones guiadas.

  2. Desde 2025
    Formación

    Doctorado en salud pública · ESPUM (Canadá)

    École de santé publique de l’Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Canadá. Opción de sistemas, organizaciones y políticas sanitarias (SOPS); investigador en prácticas en el Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Canadá.

    Promedio acumulado: 4,1

  3. Otoño de 2026
    Experiencia

    Auxiliar docente · SPU 7001, ASA 6754 y ASA 6765

    Université de Montréal.

  4. Invierno de 2026
    Experiencia

    Auxiliar docente · ASA 6754

    Sistema de salud y salud de las poblaciones, Université de Montréal: acompañamiento de estudiantes, corrección de exámenes escritos y orales.

  5. 2025
    Formación

    Máster en derecho público especializado en derecho de la salud y derecho social

    Derecho público, derecho social y derecho de la salud · Université Paris Panthéon-Assas, mención especial del jurado.

  6. 2024–2025
    Experiencia

    Encargado de misión médico-social · ANAP (Francia)

    Agence nationale d’appui à la performance (ANAP), París (Francia). Copilotaje de la red de expertos, seminarios web, análisis de datos y comunidades de práctica.

  7. 2024
    Formación

    Maestría en dirección de establecimientos de salud · UBO (Francia)

    Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Francia, mención especial del jurado.

  8. 2024
    Experiencia

    Prácticas de dirección en EHPAD · Fondation Ildys

    Fondation Ildys, Landerneau (Francia). Établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD), residencia francesa para personas mayores dependientes, equivalente a un CHSLD (centro de cuidados de larga duración) en Quebec; prácticas de dirección.

  9. 2024
    Formación

    Diploma universitario en emprendimiento y gestión

    IAE de Brest (Institut d’administration des entreprises), Francia, mención especial del jurado.

  10. 2023
    Formación

    Diploma de Estado de educador especializado

    Académie de Rennes.

  11. 2020–2023
    Experiencia

    Educador especializado

    Residencia, Adapei 35, Saint-Malo: evaluar las necesidades, coconstruir los proyectos individualizados, coordinar un equipo pluridisciplinario.

  12. 2016–2024
    Experiencia

    Responsable de vacaciones adaptadas y estancias de respiro

    Vacaciones adaptadas y estancias de respiro para personas con discapacidad, Brest (Francia): proyectos pedagógicos, acompañamiento socioeducativo, dirección de equipos, presupuestos y logística.

03.3 · Trayectoria

Jurista en derecho de la salud y derecho social

Formado en derecho sanitario y social en la Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas (máster, mención especial del jurado), analizo el entorno jurídico de los establecimientos, los profesionales y las políticas de salud, desde los derechos de las personas hasta el contencioso.

Derecho de la salud y de la protección social

  • Grandes retos del derecho de la salud
  • Economía y políticas de salud
  • Derechos de los pacientes y de las personas vulnerables
  • Derecho de la seguridad social
  • Derecho de la ayuda y la acción sociales
  • Derecho de la discapacidad y de la pérdida de autonomía

Regulación de establecimientos y servicios

  • Planificación y régimen de autorizaciones
  • Inspecciones y controles de establecimientos y servicios
  • Cooperaciones y contractualizaciones
  • Evaluaciones y modos de financiación

Gestión de establecimientos y servicios

  • Gobernanza de los establecimientos de salud
  • Gobernanza de los establecimientos y servicios sociales y médico-sociales
  • Tarificación, gestión financiera y contable
  • Derecho de las profesiones sanitarias
  • Gestión y estatutos del personal

Responsabilidades y contencioso

  • Contencioso de la seguridad social, de la ayuda y la acción sociales
  • Responsabilidad y contencioso administrativos
  • Responsabilidad y contencioso civiles
  • Responsabilidad y contencioso penales

Derecho laboral

  • Derecho laboral
  • Derecho laboral especial del sector social y médico-social
  • Gestión de recursos humanos y relaciones laborales

Trabajos jurídicos

  • Memoria: «Envejecer en casa: realidades y aplicación del giro domiciliario. Un estudio comparado Francia / Quebec», bajo la dirección de Benoît Apollis
  • Artículo doctrinal en preparación: «Envejecer en casa a prueba del derecho: la efectividad de la elección del lugar de vida en el derecho francés y quebequense»

03.4 · Trayectoria

Gestor de establecimientos sociales y médico-sociales

Formado en dirección de estructuras médico-sociales y de servicios a las personas en la Universidad de Bretaña Occidental (máster, mención especial del jurado), he ejercido la gestión cotidiana como responsable de estancias adaptadas y en unas prácticas de dirección en una residencia para mayores.

Estrategia y proyectos

  • Planificación estratégica
  • Proyecto de establecimiento y proyecto de servicio
  • Dirección y gestión de proyectos
  • Gestión de la calidad y evaluación

Gestión y recursos humanos

  • Gestión de las organizaciones
  • Clínica de las organizaciones
  • Gestión de recursos humanos y de la masa salarial
  • Planificación del trabajo, conducción de reuniones y comunicación directiva

Finanzas y contabilidad

  • Gestión contable
  • Gestión presupuestaria y financiera (CPOM, EPRD)
  • Contabilidad pública y finanzas locales
  • Principios de tarificación

Financiación y alianzas

  • Búsqueda de financiación y filantropía
  • Cooperaciones y contractualizaciones
  • Políticas sociales

Conocimiento del sector

  • Tipología de los establecimientos y servicios sociales y médico-sociales
  • Discapacidad, personas mayores, servicios a domicilio y empleo protegido
  • Sujeto, vínculo social y vulnerabilidad

Experiencia

  • Responsable de estancias adaptadas (2016-2024): equipos, presupuesto, logística y proyectos de servicio
  • Prácticas de dirección en EHPAD, Fondation Ildys, Landerneau (Francia, 2024; equivalente a CHSLD en Quebec)
  • Encargado de misión en la ANAP (2024-2025)

03.5 · Trayectoria

Educador especializado

Titulado por el Estado (Académie de Rennes, 2023), he acompañado a personas con discapacidad, entre ellas personas autistas, en un hogar residencial y en estancias adaptadas, con una convicción: apoyar su autodeterminación.

Relación educativa especializada

  • Acompañamiento socioeducativo cotidiano
  • Relación educativa que favorece la autonomía
  • Apoyo a la autodeterminación y al empoderamiento

Diseño y conducción de proyectos

  • Evaluación de necesidades y expectativas
  • Coconstrucción del proyecto personalizado
  • Coordinación y seguimiento de los proyectos

Trabajo en equipo y comunicación

  • Coordinación de un equipo multidisciplinar
  • Escritos profesionales y transmisiones
  • Trabajo con las familias y allegados

Alianzas y redes

  • Dinámicas interinstitucionales
  • Alianzas con los actores del territorio
  • Coordinación de los itinerarios

Saberes movilizados

  • Psicología del desarrollo y psicopatología
  • Discapacidad, autismo y envejecimiento
  • Sociología y derecho de la acción social

Experiencia

  • Educador especializado en un hogar residencial (Adapei 35, 2020-2023)
  • Responsable de estancias adaptadas (2016-2024)
  • Memoria: trayectoria vital y autodeterminación (2023)

Correspondencias profesionales en Quebec

La clasificación de un puesto depende de las funciones efectivamente desempeñadas y de la población atendida. En los servicios residenciales para personas con discapacidad, las tareas pueden combinar apoyo social cotidiano y aprendizajes educativos adaptados; estas dos fichas permiten precisar esas dimensiones.

CNP 42201 · Servicios sociales y comunitarios

Acompañamiento psicosocial, acceso a recursos, apoyo en la vida diaria y participación social. Esta categoría incluye funciones de educación especializada en servicios sociales y comunitarios, así como puestos en hogares de grupo.

Consultar la ficha oficial

CNP 42203 · Educación adaptada y rehabilitación

Intervenciones educativas para personas con discapacidad centradas en la comunicación, el aprendizaje adaptado, las competencias sociales y prácticas, la autonomía y la rehabilitación.

Consultar la ficha oficial

Competencias utilizadas en la intervención

  • Intervenir con personas que enfrentan diversas problemáticas (salud mental, adicciones, trastornos del lenguaje, regulación emocional)
  • Identificar los obstáculos cognitivos, sociales y afectivos
  • Elaborar un plan de intervención con objetivos y acciones concretas
  • Evaluar las limitaciones y capacidades para fijar objetivos de adaptación y rehabilitación
  • Ayudar a las personas a adquirir competencias sociales y prácticas
  • Colaborar con otros especialistas (consejeros de rehabilitación, logopedas, terapeutas ocupacionales)

Producciones digitales

Aplicaciones para aprender y cuidarse

Dos proyectos digitales concebidos a partir de necesidades concretas: hacer que los conocimientos sean útiles, accesibles y aplicables en la vida cotidiana.

OWNNIGHT

La ciencia de tu sueño, en tus manos.

Proyecto emprendedor en curso · Android

Qué es

Una aplicación Android de bienestar y educación sobre el sueño, en francés y en inglés. Ofrece un plan individualizado que se ajusta a cada respuesta, lecciones breves, sesiones guiadas, herramientas para calmar la mente, un ritual nocturno e historias leídas en voz alta.

El objetivo

Dar a cada persona los medios para actuar sobre su sueño: autoevaluarse, comprender lo que ocurre por la noche y aprender a cuidarlo, gracias a una educación sobre el sueño basada en la terapia cognitivo-conductual del insomnio (TCC-I).

La carencia que cubre

El acompañamiento basado en la TCC-I, tratamiento de primera línea del insomnio, sigue siendo de difícil acceso, y muchas aplicaciones se limitan a medir el sueño sin ayudar a comprenderlo, mientras explotan los datos personales. OWNNIGHT apuesta por el empoderamiento: la persona aprende, se autoevalúa y se vuelve protagonista de su sueño. Todo queda en el teléfono, cifrado y sin cuenta.

Pantalla de inicio de OWNNIGHT: la noche y el plan de la semanaUna lección de OWNNIGHT: el reloj biológico y la presión de sueñoEl seguimiento semanal en OWNNIGHT

Las Esferas

Episphère y Statosphère: comprender la epidemiología y la estadística a tu ritmo.

Ordenador, tableta y teléfono · sin conexión

Qué es

Dos aplicaciones de aprendizaje hermanas, una para la epidemiología y otra para la estadística. Funcionan sin conexión en ordenador, tableta y teléfono: lecciones explicadas paso a paso, diapositivas comentadas, fichas, preguntas de opción múltiple con retroalimentación, tarjetas para memorizar, ejercicios corregidos y seguimiento del progreso, con un tutor integrado, Sigma.

El objetivo

Ayudar a comprender los métodos en lugar de memorizarlos: cada fórmula se explica por lo que hace y luego se lee paso a paso, y cada persona organiza su repaso según sus necesidades.

La carencia que cubre

Los métodos cuantitativos suelen intimidar a quienes vienen de otras disciplinas, y los recursos están dispersos, a menudo en inglés o muy técnicos. Las Esferas lo reúnen todo en un solo lugar, en francés, con una progresión accesible y explicaciones en lenguaje claro.

Una lección explicada paso a pasoUna pregunta de opción múltiple con retroalimentaciónLas tarjetas para memorizar

Programas educativos

Comprender los métodos mediante la práctica

Dos entornos autónomos para leer, calcular, practicar y aprender de los errores. Las lecciones y los cuestionarios están en francés.

Statosphère

Estadística descriptiva, probabilidad, inferencia, regresión, grafos causales, experimentos y práctica de R.

27 capítulos1544 preguntas con retroalimentación

Abrir en el navegador ↗

Épisphère

Medidas de frecuencia y asociación, diseños, sesgos, estandarización, cribado, ensayos, supervivencia y evaluación.

20 capítulos2100 preguntas con retroalimentación

Abrir en el navegador ↗
  1. 01Comprender
  2. 02Plantear el cálculo
  3. 03Responder y explicar
  4. 04Aprender de los errores

Estas ediciones públicas son distintas de las aplicaciones personales. Incluyen conceptos, lecciones, fórmulas, tarjetas y cuestionarios; los ejercicios de cálculo utilizan nuevos datos ficticios. El progreso se conserva localmente en este navegador.

03.7 · Valores

Lo que guía mi práctica

Seis valores que orientan mi trabajo, del terreno a la investigación.

LemaAd astra per asperaA través de las dificultades hasta las estrellas

01

Pensamiento crítico

Explorar otras disciplinas y formas de pensar, contrastar ideas y cuestionar las evidencias, los datos y las instituciones, empezando por las propias convicciones.

02

Resiliencia

Hacer de las pruebas vividas un recurso para avanzar.

03

Autonomía

Pensar por uno mismo y sostener en cada persona la capacidad de elegir su vida.

04

Coconstruir por el bien colectivo

Hacer con las personas, y no por ellas: una investigación con impacto, realizada con y para la gente.

05

Audacia para innovar

Atreverse a proponer, innovar, crear y poner en práctica nuevas respuestas.

06

Equidad

Permitir, en la medida de lo posible, que todas las personas desarrollen plenamente sus capacidades y hagan realidad sus aspiraciones.

04.1 · Compromisos

Representar, contribuir, comprometerse

Una presencia en la vida estudiantil y científica, en continuidad con la trayectoria.

Representación estudiantil7

  • Desde 2026 · En curso

    Coordinador del doctorado en salud pública · AÉÉSPUM

    Electo.

  • En curso

    Coordinación de la mentoría solidaria · programa de doctorado en salud pública

    ESPUM, Université de Montréal.

  • En curso

    Representante estudiantil en el comité del programa de doctorado en salud pública

    ESPUM, Université de Montréal.

  • Desde 2026 · En curso

    Representante estudiantil del doctorado · DGEPS

    Departamento de Gestión, Evaluación y Política de Salud, ESPUM.

  • Invierno de 2026

    Embajador de la Université de Montréal

  • 2022–2024

    Representante electo en el consejo de administración del CROUS

    Francia.

  • 2021

    Presidente de la oficina regional de estudiantes de trabajo social de Askoria

    Francia.

04.2 · Compromisos

Representar, contribuir, comprometerse

Miembro estudiante

Cátedra de investigación GSK en gestión óptima de enfermedades crónicasGroupe francophone en soins primaires (GFSP)Red quebequense de investigación sobre el envejecimiento (RQRV)Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research (CAHSPR)Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP)Centre de recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-AppalachesCentre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations (CIRANO)

Comunidad científica2

  • En curso

    Comité científico estudiantil del congreso de la AÉÉSPUM

    Miembro.

  • Junio de 2026

    Comité científico de la jornada de jóvenes investigadores del GFSP

    Miembro estudiante.

04.3 · Compromisos

Representar, contribuir, comprometerse

Becas y distinciones4

  • 2026

    Premio a la mejor presentación en póster, doctorado y posdoctorado

    Jornada de jóvenes investigadores, Groupe francophone en soins primaires.

  • 2025
  • 2025

    Beca de captación internacional

    Estudios de posgrado y posdoctorado, Université de Montréal.

  • 2023–2025

    Tres menciones especiales del jurado

    Excelencia académica.

04.4 · Compromisos

Representar, contribuir, comprometerse

Compromiso ciudadano2

  • 2023

    Bombero voluntario

    Centro de bomberos y rescate de Dinard, Francia.

  • 2013

    Voluntariado y servicio cívico

    Association de la fondation étudiante pour la ville (AFEV), Francia: coordinación de los estudiantes voluntarios y acompañamiento de una joven en su trayectoria escolar y cultural.

04.5 · Compromisos

Representar, contribuir, comprometerse

Deportes y ocio8

Ilustración de corredores ficticios en París, con el Arco del Triunfo al fondo
DeportePráctica del maratónMaratón de París 2025 y 2026, maratón de Montreal 2026.Ilustración · París
Piano, composición musical y guitarra
MúsicaPiano, composición musical y guitarra
Hockey sobre hielo
DeporteHockey sobre hielo
Desarrollo de herramientas digitales
ProgramaciónDesarrollo de herramientas digitales
Reflexión y divulgación científica
CulturaReflexión y divulgación científicaCiencias de la vida y de la Tierra, filosofía, geopolítica, ciencia política, física, astronomía.
Ilustración de una perra blanca y negra haciendo canicross con un hombre detrás
DeporteCanicrossCorrer con mi perra.Ilustración
Un bolígrafo sobre una carta manuscrita
EscrituraUna novela en proceso de escrituraUn intercambio epistolar, retrospectivo y reflexivo, entre un hombre de 2026 y una mujer de 2250. Su romance platónico explora y hace accesibles reflexiones sobre la condición humana, el pensamiento sistémico y las relaciones entre la humanidad y su entorno.
Vista de mi aplicación de bienestar OWNNIGHT
CreaciónHerramientas de bienestar y relajaciónCreación de herramientas basadas en los principios de las terapias cognitivo-conductuales (TCC) y en la participación de los sentidos para favorecer el bienestar y la relajación.

Recursos

05.1 · Programas educativos

Comprender los métodos mediante la práctica

Dos entornos autónomos para leer, calcular, practicar y aprender de los errores. Las lecciones y los cuestionarios están en francés.

Statosphère

Estadística descriptiva, probabilidad, inferencia, regresión, grafos causales, experimentos y práctica de R.

27 capítulos1544 preguntas con retroalimentación

Abrir en el navegador ↗

Épisphère

Medidas de frecuencia y asociación, diseños, sesgos, estandarización, cribado, ensayos, supervivencia y evaluación.

20 capítulos2100 preguntas con retroalimentación

Abrir en el navegador ↗
  1. 01Comprender
  2. 02Plantear el cálculo
  3. 03Responder y explicar
  4. 04Aprender de los errores

Estas ediciones públicas son distintas de las aplicaciones personales. Incluyen conceptos, lecciones, fórmulas, tarjetas y cuestionarios; los ejercicios de cálculo utilizan nuevos datos ficticios. El progreso se conserva localmente en este navegador.

Bibliografía

La biblioteca del conocimiento

Todas las referencias citadas en el sitio, en formato APA y orden alfabético.

1003 referencias · APA

La biblioteca del conocimiento

1003 referencias

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  • World Health Organization. (2025). Social listening in infodemic management for public health emergencies: Guidance on ethical considerations. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240108202
  • World Health Organization. (2025). World report on social determinants of health equity.
  • World Health Organization. (2026). Framework for health emergency preparedness and response capabilities for national public health agencies. https://doi.org/10.2471/B09726
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  • Wright, T., Jenkinson, D. J., Yu, D., Tierney, S., Ford, J., Tatton, S., Yameen, F., Jinks, C., & Parry, E. (2026). Screening for social determinants of health in primary care: protocol for a feasibility study. BJGP Open, BJGPO.2026.0066. https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2026.0066
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Y

  • Yan, A. F., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., Campbell, J. A., Xue, Q.-L., Williams, M. Y., Weinhardt, L. S., & Egede, L. E. (2022). Effectiveness of social needs screening and interventions in clinical settings on utilization, cost, and clinical outcomes: A systematic review. Health Equity, 6(1), 454–475. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2022.0010
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  • Yapi, S. M., Poitras, M. E., Donnelly, C., Ashcroft, R., Greiver, M., Couturier, Y., Nikiema, J. N., Breton, M., Layani, G., Kaczorowski, J., Bergman, H., Lussier, M. T., Aggarwal, M., Fernainy, P., McGraw, M., Milius, D., Mehta, K., Samson, K., & Sourial, N. (2023). Identify and classify interprofessional primary care performance indicators: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open, 13(5), e072186. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072186
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Z

  • Zein, D., Gogia, K., Clapp, J., Calvo-Friedman, A., Davis, N. J., & Chang, J. E. (2026). Comparison of social needs identified through structured screeners and clinical assessments. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 71(6), 108442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108442
  • Zeng, C., Kaur, M. N., Malapati, S. H., Liu, J. B., Bryant, A. S., Meyers, P. M., Bates, D. W., McCleary, N. J., Pusic, A. L., & Edelen, M. O. (2024). Patterns of social needs predict quality-of-life and healthcare utilization outcomes in patients from a large hospital system. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 39(11), 2060–2068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-024-08788-6
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  • Ziam, S., Lanoue, S., McSween-Cadieux, E., Gervais, M.-J., Lane, J., Gaid, D., Chouinard, L. J., Dagenais, C., Ridde, V., Jean, E., Fleury, F. C., Hong, Q. N., & Prigent, O. (2024). A scoping review of theories, models and frameworks used or proposed to evaluate knowledge mobilization strategies. Health Research Policy and Systems, 22, Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-023-01090-7
  • Zimmerman, F. J. (2017). Public health autonomy: A critical reappraisal. Hastings Center Report, 47(6), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.784
  • Zinsstag, J., Kaiser-Grolimund, A., Heitz-Tokpa, K., Sreedharan, R., Lubroth, J., Caya, F., Stone, M., Brown, H., Bonfoh, B., Dobell, E., Morgan, D., Homaira, N., Kock, R., Hattendorf, J., Crump, L., Mauti, S., del Rio Vilas, V., Saikat, S., Zumla, A., . . . de la Rocque, S. (2023). Advancing One human–animal–environment Health for global health security: What does the evidence say? The Lancet, 401(10376), 591–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01595-1
  • Zorbas, C., Monaghan, J., Browne, J., Nagorcka-Smith, P., Brown, A. D., Jeyapalan, D., Allender, S., Peeters, A., Christidis, R., & Backholer, K. (2025). Informing equitable noncommunicable disease prevention policies through lived experience: A scoping review of research approaches. Health Research Policy and Systems, 23(1), 155. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-025-01348-2
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05.2 · Recursos

Artículos de acceso abierto y lecturas por tema

Una selección comentada para profundizar en la movilización del conocimiento y la ciencia de la implementación, en francés y en inglés.

Artículos científicos de acceso abierto6

En inglés

Lecturas692

Salud pública: fundamentos, historia y práctica24

En francés

  1. Drulhe, M. (1996). Santé et société : le façonnement sociétal de la santé. Presses universitaires de France.
  2. Lalonde, M. (1974). Nouvelle perspective de la santé des Canadiens : un document de travail. Gouvernement du Canada.
  3. Lessard, R. (2023). La prévention et l'acceptabilité sociale. Dans R. Dufour et R. Lessard (dir.), La santé publique (p. 283–302). Presses de l'Université de Montréal. doi:10.1515/9782760647121-025
  4. Litvak, É. et Dufour, R. (2023). La typologie des interventions de santé publique. Dans R. Dufour et R. Lessard (dir.), La santé publique (p. 37–48). Presses de l'Université de Montréal. doi:10.1515/9782760647121-007
  5. Pommier, J. et Grimaud, O. (2007). Les fonctions essentielles de santé publique : histoire, définition et applications possibles. Santé Publique, 19(hs), 9–14. doi:10.3917/spub.070.0009

En inglés

  1. Anderson, W. (2006). Colonial pathologies: American tropical medicine, race, and hygiene in the Philippines. Duke University Press. doi:10.1215/9780822388081
  2. Azari, R., & Borisch, B. (2023). What is public health? A scoping review. Archives of Public Health, 81(1), 86. doi:10.1186/s13690-023-01091-6
  3. Bashford, A. (2004). Imperial hygiene: A critical history of colonialism, nationalism and public health. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230508187
  4. Baum, F. (2008). The new public health (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  5. Birn, A.-E., Pillay, Y., & Holtz, T. H. (2017). Textbook of global health (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  6. Crépault, J.-F., Russell, C., Watson, T. M., Strike, C., Bonato, S., & Rehm, J. (2023). What is a public health approach to substance use? A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis. International Journal of Drug Policy, 112, 103958. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.103958
  7. DeSalvo, K. B., Wang, Y. C., Harris, A., Auerbach, J., Koo, D., & O’Carroll, P. (2017). Public health 3.0: A call to action for public health to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Preventing Chronic Disease, 14, 170017. doi:10.5888/pcd14.170017
  8. Dobbins, M., & Buckeridge, D. (2020). Precision public health: Dream or reality? Canada Communicable Disease Report, 46(6), 160. doi:10.14745/ccdr.v46i06a01
  9. Fafard, P., McNena, B., Suszek, A., & Hoffman, S. J. (2018). Contested roles of Canada’s chief medical officers of health. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 109(4), 585–589. doi:10.17269/s41997-018-0080-3
  10. Fineberg, H. V. (2013). Public health in a time of government austerity. American Journal of Public Health, 103(1), 47–49. doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301019
  11. Fischer, B. (2023). The continuous opioid death crisis in Canada: Changing characteristics and implications for path options forward. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 19, 100437. doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100437
  12. Galea, S., & Vaughan, R. D. (2019). The future of a public health of consequence: A public health of consequence, December 2019. American Journal of Public Health, 109(12), 1628–1629. doi:10.2105/ajph.2019.305381
  13. Kindig, D. A. (2007). Understanding population health terminology. The Milbank Quarterly, 85(1), 139–161. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2007.00479.x
  14. Martin-Moreno, J. M., Harris, M., Jakubowski, E., & Kluge, H. (2016). Defining and assessing public health functions: A global analysis. Annual Review of Public Health, 37(1), 335–355. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021429
  15. Porter, D. (1999). Health, civilization and the state: A history of public health from ancient to modern times. Routledge.
  16. Rosen, G. (1993). A history of public health (Expanded ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. doi:10.56021/9780801846458
  17. Tulchinsky, T. H., & Varavikova, E. A. (2009). The new public health (2nd ed.). Elsevier Academic Press.
  18. Turnock, B. J. (2009). Public health: What it is and how it works (4th ed.). Jones and Bartlett.
  19. Zimmerman, F. J. (2017). Public health autonomy: A critical reappraisal. Hastings Center Report, 47(6), 38–45. doi:10.1002/hast.784
Epidemiología y causalidad18

En inglés

  1. Berkman, L. F., Kawachi, I., & Glymour, M. M. (Eds.). (2014). Social epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/med/9780195377903.001.0001
  2. Bollyky, T. J., Hulland, E. N., Barber, R. M., Collins, J. K., Kiernan, S., Moses, M., Pigott, D. M., Reiner Jr, R. C., Sorensen, R. J. D., Abbafati, C., Adolph, C., Allorant, A., Amlag, J. O., Aravkin, A. Y., Bang-Jensen, B., Carter, A., Castellano, R., Castro, E., Chakrabarti, S., . . . Dieleman, J. L. (2022). Pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: An exploratory analysis of infection and fatality rates, and contextual factors associated with preparedness in 177 countries, from Jan 1, 2020, to Sept 30, 2021. The Lancet, 399(10334), 1489–1512. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00172-6
  3. Celentano, D. D., Szklo, M., & Farag, Y. M. K. (2024). Gordis epidemiology (7th ed.). Elsevier.
  4. da Silveira Fleck, A., Vachon, J., Buteau, S., Laouan-Sidi, E. A., Hatzopoulou, M., Weichenthal, S., & Smargiassi, A. (2022). Exposure to ultrafine particles and the incidence of asthma in children: A population-based cohort study in Montreal, Canada. Environmental Epidemiology, 7(1), e236. doi:10.1097/ee9.0000000000000236
  5. GBD 2019 Acute and Chronic Care Collaborators. (2025). Characterising acute and chronic care needs: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Nature Communications, 16(1), 4235. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56910-x
  6. Hill, A. B. (1965). The environment and disease: Association or causation? Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 58(5), 295–300. doi:10.1177/003591576505800503
  7. Infante-Rivard, C. (1993). Childhood asthma and indoor environmental risk factors. American Journal of Epidemiology, 137(8), 834–844. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116745
  8. Lash, T. L., VanderWeele, T. J., Haneuse, S., & Rothman, K. J. (2021). Modern epidemiology (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
  9. Liu, Y., Geng, X., Smargiassi, A., Fournier, M., Gamage, S. M., Zalzal, J., Yamanouchi, S., Torbatian, S., Minet, L., Hatzopoulou, M., Buteau, S., Laouan-Sidi, E.-A., & Liu, L. (2024). Changes in industrial air pollution and the onset of childhood asthma in Quebec, Canada. Environmental Research, 243, 117831. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117831
  10. Oleckno, W. A. (2008). Epidemiology: Concepts and methods. Waveland Press.
  11. Otero Varela, L., Doktorchik, C., Wiebe, N., Quan, H., & Eastwood, C. (2021). Exploring the differences in ICD and hospital morbidity data collection features across countries: An international survey. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 308. doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06302-w
  12. Rose, G. (1985). Sick individuals and sick populations. International Journal of Epidemiology, 14(1), 32–38. doi:10.1093/ije/14.1.32
  13. Rothman, K. J. (1976). Causes. American Journal of Epidemiology, 104(6), 587–592. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112335
  14. Rothman, K. J. (2012). Epidemiology: An introduction (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  15. Sahsuvaroglu, T., Jerrett, M., Sears, M. R., McConnell, R., Finkelstein, N., Arain, A., Newbold, B., & Burnett, R. (2009). Spatial analysis of air pollution and childhood asthma in Hamilton, Canada: Comparing exposure methods in sensitive subgroups. Environmental Health, 8(1), 14. doi:10.1186/1476-069x-8-14
  16. Szklo, M., & Nieto, F. J. (2019). Epidemiology: Beyond the basics (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  17. Tsao, C. W., & Vasan, R. S. (2015). Cohort profile: The Framingham Heart Study (FHS): Overview of milestones in cardiovascular epidemiology. International Journal of Epidemiology, 44(6), 1800–1813. doi:10.1093/ije/dyv337
  18. Yeh, R. W., Valsdottir, L. R., Yeh, M. W., Shen, C., Kramer, D. B., Strom, J. B., Secemsky, E. A., Healy, J. L., Domeier, R. M., Kazi, D. S., & Nallamothu, B. K. (2018). Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma when jumping from aircraft: Randomized controlled trial. BMJ, 363, k5094. doi:10.1136/bmj.k5094
Bioestadística, métodos cuantitativos e inferencia causal12

En francés

  1. Arel-Bundock, V. (2021). Analyse causale et méthodes quantitatives : une introduction avec R, Stata et SPSS. Presses de l'Université de Montréal. doi:10.1515/9782760643222

En inglés

  1. Alexander, R. (2023). Telling stories with data: With applications in R. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/9781003229407
  2. Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2015). Mastering 'metrics: The path from cause to effect. Princeton University Press.
  3. Arel-Bundock, V. (2026). Model to meaning: How to interpret statistical models with R and Python. CRC Press.
  4. Daniel, W. W., & Cross, C. L. (2013). Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in the health sciences (10th ed.). Wiley.
  5. Everitt, B. S., Landau, S., Leese, M., & Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster analysis (5th ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9780470977811
  6. Kleinbaum, D. G., & Klein, M. (2010). Logistic regression: A self-learning text (3rd ed.). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1742-3
  7. Kleinbaum, D. G., & Klein, M. (2012). Survival analysis: A self-learning text (3rd ed.). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6646-9
  8. Magurran, A. E. (2004). Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell.
  9. Peng, R. D. (2014). R programming for data science. Leanpub.
  10. Sourial, N., Longo, C., Vedel, I., & Schuster, T. (2018). Daring to draw causal claims from non-randomized studies of primary care interventions. Family Practice, 35(5), 639–643. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmy005
  11. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics (7th ed.). Pearson.
Métodos cualitativos y mixtos, y síntesis de la evidencia39

En francés

  1. Corbière, M. et Larivière, N. (dir.). (2020). Méthodes qualitatives, quantitatives et mixtes dans la recherche en sciences humaines, sociales et de la santé (2e éd.). Presses de l'Université du Québec. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1c29qz7
  2. Dumez, H. (2016). Méthodologie de la recherche qualitative : les 10 questions clés de la démarche compréhensive (2e éd.). Vuibert.
  3. Paillé, P. et Mucchielli, A. (2012). L'analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales. Armand Colin. doi:10.3917/arco.paill.2012.01
  4. Poupart, J., Deslauriers, J.-P., Groulx, L.-H., Laperrière, A., Mayer, R. et Pires, A. P. (1997). La recherche qualitative : enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologiques. Gaëtan Morin.

En inglés

  1. Anckar, C. (2008). On the applicability of the most similar systems design and the most different systems design in comparative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(5), 389–401. doi:10.1080/13645570701401552
  2. Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. doi:10.1080/1364557032000119616
  3. Boulkedid, R., Abdoul, H., Loustau, M., Sibony, O., & Alberti, C. (2011). Using and reporting the Delphi method for selecting healthcare quality indicators: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 6(6), e20476. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020476
  4. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  5. Cacace, M., Ettelt, S., Mays, N., & Nolte, E. (2013). Assessing quality in cross-country comparisons of health systems and policies: Towards a set of generic quality criteria. Health Policy, 112(1-2), 156–162. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.03.020
  6. Carroll, C., Booth, A., Leaviss, J., & Rick, J. (2013). “Best fit” framework synthesis: Refining the method. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13(1), 37. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-37
  7. Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). SAGE.
  8. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). SAGE.
  9. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE.
  10. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE.
  11. Dixon-Woods, M., Cavers, D., Agarwal, S., Annandale, E., Arthur, A., Harvey, J., Hsu, R., Katbamna, S., Olsen, R., Smith, L., Riley, R., & Sutton, A. J. (2006). Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 6(1), 35. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-35
  12. Duncan, E., O'Cathain, A., Rousseau, N., Croot, L., Sworn, K., Turner, K. M., Yardley, L., & Hoddinott, P. (2020). Guidance for reporting intervention development studies in health research (GUIDED): An evidence-based consensus study. BMJ Open, 10(4), e033516. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033516
  13. Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. Longman.
  14. Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013). Achieving integration in mixed methods designs—Principles and practices. Health Services Research, 48(6pt2), 2134–2156. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12117
  15. Fitch, K., Bernstein, S. J., Aguilar, M. D., Burnand, B., LaCalle, J. R., Lázaro, P., van het Loo, M., McDonnell, J., Vader, J. P., & Kahan, J. P. (2001). The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method user's manual. RAND.
  16. Fontaine, G. (2020). Process tracing for comparative policy analysis: A realist approach. In B. G. Peters & G. Fontaine (Eds.), Handbook of research methods and applications in comparative policy analysis. Edward Elgar. doi:10.4337/9781788111195.00024
  17. George, A. L., & Bennett, A. (2005). Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. MIT Press.
  18. Godin, K., Stapleton, J., Kirkpatrick, S. I., Hanning, R. M., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2015). Applying systematic review search methods to the grey literature: A case study examining guidelines for school-based breakfast programs in Canada. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 138. doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0125-0
  19. Greenhalgh, T., & Papoutsi, C. (2018). Studying complexity in health services research: Desperately seeking an overdue paradigm shift. BMC Medicine, 16(1), 95. doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1089-4
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Análisis espacial y accesibilidad geográfica20

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Análisis de redes8

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Salud ambiental, Una sola salud y toxicología23

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Promoción de la salud y prevención10

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Intersectorialidad, salud en todas las políticas y gobernanza colaborativa37

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Sistemas de salud, gobernanza y desempeño42

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  6. Bull, C., Teede, H., Watson, D., & Callander, E. J. (2022). Selecting and implementing patient-reported outcome and experience measures to assess health system performance. JAMA Health Forum, 3(4), e220326. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.0326
  7. Buxton, M., & Hanney, S. (1996). How can payback from health services research be assessed? Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 1(1), 35–43. doi:10.1177/135581969600100107
  8. Cairney, P. (2016). The politics of evidence-based policy making. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-51781-4
  9. Cairney, P., & Oliver, K. (2017). Evidence-based policymaking is not like evidence-based medicine, so how far should you go to bridge the divide between evidence and policy? Health Research Policy and Systems, 15(1), 35. doi:10.1186/s12961-017-0192-x
  10. Campbell, D. T. (1979). Assessing the impact of planned social change. Evaluation and Program Planning, 2(1), 67–90. doi:10.1016/0149-7189(79)90048-x
  11. Eccles, M. P., & Mittman, B. S. (2006). Welcome to implementation science. Implementation Science, 1(1), 1. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-1-1
  12. Graham, I. D., Logan, J., Harrison, M. B., Straus, S. E., Tetroe, J., Caswell, W., & Robinson, N. (2006). Lost in knowledge translation: Time for a map? Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 26(1), 13–24. doi:10.1002/chp.47
  13. Greenhalgh, T., & Fahy, N. (2015). Research impact in the community-based health sciences: An analysis of 162 case studies from the 2014 UK Research Excellence Framework. BMC Medicine, 13(1), 232. doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0467-4
  14. Greenhalgh, T., Raftery, J., Hanney, S., & Glover, M. (2016). Research impact: A narrative review. BMC Medicine, 14(1), 78. doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0620-8
  15. Guleid, F. H., Barasa, E., Abiiro, G. A., & Nzinga, J. (2025). Beyond evidence: How actor dynamics and power shape knowledge translation for health policy in Kenya. Health Policy and Planning, 40(8), 819–830. doi:10.1093/heapol/czaf050
  16. Guleid, F. H., Barasa, E., Abiiro, G. A., & Nzinga, J. (2026). Reframing knowledge translation for health policy in Kenya: Actors, practices and the constitutive role of context. Health Research Policy and Systems, 24(1), 47. doi:10.1186/s12961-026-01482-5
  17. Haby, M. M., Reveiz, L., Thomas, R., & Jordan, H. (2025). An integrated framework to guide evidence-informed public health policymaking. Journal of Public Health Policy, 46(1), 193–210. doi:10.1057/s41271-024-00535-9
  18. Handley, M. A., Lyles, C. R., McCulloch, C., & Cattamanchi, A. (2018). Selecting and improving quasi-experimental designs in effectiveness and implementation research. Annual Review of Public Health, 39(1), 5–25. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014128
  19. Hawe, P., Shiell, A., & Riley, T. (2004). Complex interventions: How “out of control” can a randomised controlled trial be? BMJ, 328(7455), 1561–1563. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7455.1561
  20. Jasanoff, S. (Ed.). (2004). States of knowledge: The co-production of science and social order. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203413845
  21. Kislov, R., Pope, C., Martin, G. P., & Wilson, P. M. (2019). Harnessing the power of theorising in implementation science. Implementation Science, 14(1), 103. doi:10.1186/s13012-019-0957-4
  22. Kok, M. O., & Schuit, A. J. (2012). Contribution mapping: A method for mapping the contribution of research to enhance its impact. Health Research Policy and Systems, 10(1), 21. doi:10.1186/1478-4505-10-21
  23. Kothari, A., Sibbald, S. L., McCutcheon, C., Berta, W., Urquhart, R., Horsley, T., Comer, L., & Graham, I. D. (2025). How does integrated knowledge translation work? A realist review. Health Research Policy and Systems, 23(1), 102. doi:10.1186/s12961-025-01374-0
  24. Lewis, C. C., Boyd, M. R., Walsh-Bailey, C., Lyon, A. R., Beidas, R., Mittman, B., Aarons, G. A., Weiner, B. J., & Chambers, D. A. (2020). A systematic review of empirical studies examining mechanisms of implementation in health. Implementation Science, 15(1), 21. doi:10.1186/s13012-020-00983-3
  25. Luke, D. A., Malone, S., & Galea, S. (2026). The road from science to health: The importance of designing for, measuring, and communicating impact in public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 47(1), 439–457. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-091624-015015
  26. Luke, D. A., Sarli, C. C., Suiter, A. M., Carothers, B. J., Combs, T. B., Allen, J. L., Beers, C. E., & Evanoff, B. A. (2018). The translational science benefits model: A new framework for assessing the health and societal benefits of clinical and translational sciences. Clinical and Translational Science, 11(1), 77–84. doi:10.1111/cts.12495
  27. May, C. (2013). Agency and implementation: Understanding the embedding of healthcare innovations in practice. Social Science & Medicine, 78, 26–33. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.11.021
  28. Mazzucca, S., Arredondo, E. M., Hoelscher, D. M., Haire-Joshu, D., Tabak, R. G., Kumanyika, S. K., & Brownson, R. C. (2021). Expanding implementation research to prevent chronic diseases in community settings. Annual Review of Public Health, 42(1), 135–158. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102547
  29. McCutcheon, C., Graham, I. D., Kothari, A., & Rycroft-Malone, J. (2025). Reinforcing the research coproduction impact pathway: A response to recent commentaries. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 14, 9302. doi:10.34172/ijhpm.9302
  30. Mettert, K., Lewis, C., Dorsey, C., Halko, H., & Weiner, B. (2020). Measuring implementation outcomes: An updated systematic review of measures’ psychometric properties. Implementation Research and Practice, 1, 2633489520936644. doi:10.1177/2633489520936644
  31. Michie, S., van Stralen, M. M., & West, R. (2011). The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implementation Science, 6(1), 42. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-6-42
  32. Norton, W. E., & Chambers, D. A. (2020). Unpacking the complexities of de-implementing inappropriate health interventions. Implementation Science, 15(1), 2. doi:10.1186/s13012-019-0960-9
  33. Oliver, K., Kothari, A., & Mays, N. (2019). The dark side of coproduction: Do the costs outweigh the benefits for health research? Health Research Policy and Systems, 17(1), 33. doi:10.1186/s12961-019-0432-3
  34. Panel on Return on Investment in Health Research. (2009). Making an impact: A preferred framework and indicators to measure returns on investment in health research. Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.
  35. Parkhurst, J. (2017). The politics of evidence: From evidence-based policy to the good governance of evidence. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315675008
  36. Proctor, E., Silmere, H., Raghavan, R., Hovmand, P., Aarons, G., Bunger, A., Griffey, R., & Hensley, M. (2011). Outcomes for implementation research: Conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 38(2), 65–76. doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0319-7
  37. Reid, R. J., Wodchis, W. P., Kuluski, K., Lee-Foon, N. K., Lavis, J. N., Rosella, L. C., & Desveaux, L. (2024). Actioning the learning health system: An applied framework for integrating research into health systems. SSM - Health Systems, 2, 100010. doi:10.1016/j.ssmhs.2024.100010
  38. Rhodes, T., & Lancaster, K. (2019). Evidence-making interventions in health: A conceptual framing. Social Science & Medicine, 238, 112488. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112488
  39. Saltelli, A., & Giampietro, M. (2017). What is wrong with evidence based policy, and how can it be improved? Futures, 91, 62–71. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2016.11.012
  40. Satterfield, J. M., Spring, B., Brownson, R. C., Mullen, E. J., Newhouse, R. P., Walker, B. B., & Whitlock, E. P. (2009). Toward a transdisciplinary model of evidence-based practice. The Milbank Quarterly, 87(2), 368–390. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00561.x
  41. Shakhnovich, V. (2018). It's time to reverse our thinking: The reverse translation research paradigm. Clinical and Translational Science, 11(2), 98–99. doi:10.1111/cts.12538
  42. Skivington, K., Matthews, L., Simpson, S. A., Craig, P., Baird, J., Blazeby, J. M., Boyd, K. A., Craig, N., French, D. P., McIntosh, E., Petticrew, M., Rycroft-Malone, J., White, M., & Moore, L. (2021). A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: Update of Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ, 374, n2061. doi:10.1136/bmj.n2061
  43. Smith, A. K. J., Lancaster, K., Rhodes, T., & Holt, M. (2023). Understanding how PrEP is made successful: Implementation science needs an evidence-making approach. Global Public Health, 18(1), 2250426. doi:10.1080/17441692.2023.2250426
  44. Smith, K. (2013). Beyond evidence-based policy in public health. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781137026583
  45. Snell-Rood, C., Jaramillo, E. T., Hamilton, A. B., Raskin, S. E., Nicosia, F. M., & Willging, C. (2021). Advancing health equity through a theoretically critical implementation science. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 11(8), 1617–1625. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab008
  46. Ward, V. (2017). Why, whose, what and how? A framework for knowledge mobilisers. Evidence and Policy, 13(3), 477–497. doi:10.1332/174426416x14634763278725
Participación ciudadana e investigación colaborativa29

En francés

  1. Akrich, M. et Rabeharisoa, V. (2012). L'expertise profane dans les associations de patients, un outil de démocratie sanitaire. Santé Publique, 24(1), 69–74. doi:10.3917/spub.121.0069

En inglés

  1. Abelson, J., Forest, P.-G., Eyles, J., Smith, P., Martin, E., & Gauvin, F.-P. (2003). Deliberations about deliberative methods: Issues in the design and evaluation of public participation processes. Social Science & Medicine, 57(2), 239–251. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00343-x
  2. Bergholtz, J., Wolf, A., Crine, V., Cleeve, H., Santana, M.-J., & Björkman, I. (2024). Patient and public involvement in healthcare: A systematic mapping review of systematic reviews – identification of current research and possible directions for future research. BMJ Open, 14(9), e083215. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083215
  3. Blus-Kadosh, I., & Hartal, G. (2024). “We have knowledge that is unique”: Patient activism and the promotion of trans-inclusive primary care. Social Science & Medicine, 344, 116654. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116654
  4. Chilvers, J., & Kearnes, M. (Eds.). (2016). Remaking participation: Science, environment and emergent publics. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203797693
  5. Degeling, C., Carter, S. M., & Rychetnik, L. (2015). Which public and why deliberate? – A scoping review of public deliberation in public health and health policy research. Social Science & Medicine, 131, 114–121. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.009
  6. Degeling, C., Rychetnik, L., Street, J., Thomas, R., & Carter, S. M. (2017). Influencing health policy through public deliberation: Lessons learned from two decades of citizens'/community juries. Social Science & Medicine, 179, 166–171. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.003
  7. Dewey, J. (1927). The public and its problems. Henry Holt.
  8. dos Anjos Fonseca, A., Martufi, V., de Araújo, W. A., Pimenta, D. M., de Lima, A. M. P., de Faria, J. A. P., Dias, D. L. C., dos Anjos, E. F., Flores Quispe, M. D. P., Piloto, G. R., Lima, V. M. Q., Ferré, F., Sampaio, M. A. G. A., de Souza Lopes, E., de Mello, B. H., Daltro, D. C. T., de Almeida, M. R. S., Lima, R. T., Pinto Junior, E. P., . . . Ichihara, M. Y. T. (2025). Public engagement with science: An inclusive approach to innovate in health research with real-world data. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 25(1), 88. doi:10.1186/s12874-025-02530-4
  9. Epstein, S. (1995). The construction of lay expertise: AIDS activism and the forging of credibility in the reform of clinical trials. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 20(4), 408–437. doi:10.1177/016224399502000402
  10. Frahsa, A., Liwanag, H. J., Kobler Betancourt, C., Ipekci, A. M., Minder, B., & Schow, D. (2025). A scoping review of community participation in public health research and action during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring approaches on the continuum between utilitarianism and empowerment. Social Science & Medicine, 385, 118556. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118556
  11. Fung, A. (2006). Varieties of participation in complex governance. Public Administration Review, 66(s1), 66–75. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00667.x
  12. Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. MIT Press.
  13. Israel, B. A., Schulz, A. J., Becker, A. B., Reyes, C. L., Parker, E. A., & Reyes, A. G. (2026). Community-based participatory research: Evolution and significant developments. Annual Review of Public Health, 47(1), 135–157. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082224-022223
  14. Israel, B. A., Schulz, A. J., Parker, E. A., & Becker, A. B. (1998). Review of community-based research: Assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 19, 173–202. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.173
  15. Jagosh, J., Macaulay, A. C., Pluye, P., Salsberg, J., Bush, P. L., Henderson, J., Sirett, E., Wong, G., Cargo, M., Herbert, C. P., Seifer, S. D., Green, L. W., & Greenhalgh, T. (2012). Uncovering the benefits of participatory research: Implications of a realist review for health research and practice. The Milbank Quarterly, 90(2), 311–346. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00665.x
  16. Jara, K. T., Hernandez, J. I., Mouter, N., Brouwer, W., & van Exel, J. (2025). Preferences of citizens in Peru for school opening during a public-health crisis: A participatory value evaluation study. Social Science & Medicine, 365, 117581. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117581
  17. Jasanoff, S. (2003). Technologies of humility: Citizen participation in governing science. Minerva, 41(3), 223–244. doi:10.1023/a:1025557512320
  18. Jolley, G., Lawless, A., & Hurley, C. (2008). Framework and tools for planning and evaluating community participation, collaborative partnerships and equity in health promotion. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 19(2), 152–157. doi:10.1071/he08152
  19. Kirkness, V. J., & Barnhardt, R. (1991). First Nations and higher education: The four R's—Respect, relevance, reciprocity, responsibility. Journal of American Indian Education, 30(3), 1–15.
  20. Malpass, A., Le Poidevin, A., Bamford, A., Lowndes, S., Grant, G., & Selman, L. (2025). From trusted intruder to real collaborator: Mapping the ecosystem of stakeholders and community assets in a coastal region in England, with a focus on end-of-life care and bereavement support. Social Science & Medicine, 365, 117555. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117555
  21. Marres, N. (2012). Material participation: Technology, the environment and everyday publics. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781137029669
  22. Petersen, A., Schermuly, A. C., & Anderson, A. (2019). The shifting politics of patient activism: From bio-sociality to bio-digital citizenship. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine, 23(4), 478–494. doi:10.1177/1363459318815944
  23. Rowe, G., & Frewer, L. J. (2005). A typology of public engagement mechanisms. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 30(2), 251–290. doi:10.1177/0162243904271724
  24. Stirling, A. (2008). “Opening up” and “closing down”: Power, participation, and pluralism in the social appraisal of technology. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 33(2), 262–294. doi:10.1177/0162243907311265
  25. Strauss, R. P., Sengupta, S., Quinn, S. C., Goeppinger, J., Spaulding, C., Kegeles, S. M., & Millett, G. (2001). The role of community advisory boards: Involving communities in the informed consent process. American Journal of Public Health, 91(12), 1938–1943. doi:10.2105/ajph.91.12.1938
  26. Street, J., Duszynski, K., Krawczyk, S., & Braunack-Mayer, A. (2014). The use of citizens' juries in health policy decision-making: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 109, 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.005
  27. Vijayasingham, L., Chopra, M., Mukantwari, E., Prawira, B., Shannan, E., Wako, J., O'Brien, M. D., & Barone, M. (2025). People with lived experience of chronic conditions are key epistemic authorities in global health. PLOS Global Public Health, 5(10), e0005317. doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0005317
  28. Zorbas, C., Monaghan, J., Browne, J., Nagorcka-Smith, P., Brown, A. D., Jeyapalan, D., Allender, S., Peeters, A., Christidis, R., & Backholer, K. (2025). Informing equitable noncommunicable disease prevention policies through lived experience: A scoping review of research approaches. Health Research Policy and Systems, 23(1), 155. doi:10.1186/s12961-025-01348-2
Filosofía, epistemología y biopolítica23

En francés

  1. Canguilhem, G. (1966). Le normal et le pathologique. Presses universitaires de France.
  2. Fassin, D. (2009). Les économies morales revisitées. Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 64(6), 1235–1266. doi:10.1017/s0395264900027499
  3. Fassin, D. (2020). De l'inégalité des vies : leçon inaugurale prononcée au Collège de France le jeudi 16 janvier 2020. Collège de France. doi:10.4000/books.cdf.10093
  4. Foucault, M. (1976). Histoire de la sexualité : vol. 1. La volonté de savoir. Gallimard.
  5. Foucault, M. (1997). « Il faut défendre la société » : cours au Collège de France (1975-1976). Gallimard et Seuil.
  6. Foucault, M. (2004). Naissance de la biopolitique : cours au Collège de France (1978-1979). Gallimard et Seuil.
  7. Foucault, M. (2004). Sécurité, territoire, population : cours au Collège de France (1977-1978). Gallimard et Seuil.
  8. Lemoine, M. (2017). Introduction à la philosophie des sciences médicales. Hermann.
  9. Morin, E. (1990). Introduction à la pensée complexe. ESF.

En inglés

  1. Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Doubleday.
  2. Biehl, J. (2016). Patient-citizen-consumers: Judicialization of health and metamorphosis of biopolitics. Lua Nova, (98), 77–105. doi:10.1590/0102-6445077-105/98
  3. Fassin, D. (2018). Life: A critical user's manual. Polity Press.
  4. Foucault, M. (2000). Truth and juridical forms. In J. D. Faubion (Ed.), Power: Essential works of Foucault, 1954–1984 (Vol. 3, pp. 1–89). The New Press.
  5. Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001
  6. Hacking, I. (1990). The taming of chance. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819766
  7. Jatobá, A., Castro-Nunes, P., & Rodrigues de Carvalho, P. V. (2025). On the epistemology of resilience in public health: A novel perspective in a changing world. Frontiers in Health Services, 4, 1453006. doi:10.3389/frhs.2024.1453006
  8. Klee, R. (1997). Introduction to the philosophy of science: Cutting nature at its seams. Oxford University Press.
  9. Klemke, E. D., Hollinger, R., & Rudge, D. W. (Eds.). (1998). Introductory readings in the philosophy of science (3rd ed.). Prometheus Books.
  10. Lorenzini, D. (2016). From counter-conduct to critical attitude: Michel Foucault and the art of not being governed quite so much. Foucault Studies, (21), 7–21. doi:10.22439/fs.v0i0.5011
  11. Rabinow, P. (1996). Artificiality and enlightenment: From sociobiology to biosociality. In P. Rabinow, Essays on the anthropology of reason (pp. 91–111). Princeton University Press.
  12. Rod, N. H., Broadbent, A., Rod, M. H., Russo, F., Arah, O. A., & Stronks, K. (2023). Complexity in epidemiology and public health: Addressing complex health problems through a mix of epidemiologic methods and data. Epidemiology, 34(4), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001612
  13. Rose, N., & Novas, C. (2005). Biological citizenship. In A. Ong & S. J. Collier (Eds.), Global assemblages: Technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems (pp. 439–463). Blackwell.
  14. Stronks, K., Rod, M. H., Rutter, H., & Rod, N. H. (2025). Towards a complex systems model of evidence for public health. BMJ Global Health, 10(10), e021061. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2025-021061

05.3 · Recursos

Informes, políticas, guías y herramientas

Guías y herramientas4

En francés

Informes, políticas y marcos de referencia40

En francés

  1. Agence nationale d’appui à la performance. (2023, 7 septembre). Franchissez le cap de l’habitat intermédiaire ! https://anap.fr/s/article/franchissez-le-cap-de-l-habitat-intermediaire
  2. Agence nationale d’appui à la performance. (2024, 19 novembre). Le Centre de Ressources Territorial : une ambition nouvelle. https://anap.fr/s/article/centre-ressources-territorial-crt-ambition-nouvelle
  3. Agence nationale d’appui à la performance. (2024, 2 avril). Réforme des SAD : tous les outils Anap. https://www.anap.fr/s/article/reforme-services-autonomie-a-domicile
  4. Agence nationale d’appui à la performance. (s.d.). Domicile du futur [Programme thématique].
  5. Commissaire à la santé et au bien-être. (2023). Bien vieillir chez soi. Tome 1 : comprendre l'écosystème. Gouvernement du Québec.
  6. Commissaire à la santé et au bien-être. (2023). Bien vieillir chez soi. Tome 2 : chiffrer la performance. Gouvernement du Québec.
  7. Commissaire à la santé et au bien-être. (2023). Bien vieillir chez soi. Tome 3 : poser un diagnostic pour agir. Gouvernement du Québec.
  8. Commissaire à la santé et au bien-être. (2024). Bien vieillir chez soi. Tome 4 : une transformation qui s'impose. Gouvernement du Québec.
  9. Commissaire à la santé et au bien-être. (2025). La contribution de l'approche de santé populationnelle au développement d'un système de santé et de services sociaux axé sur la valeur. Gouvernement du Québec.
  10. Commission d'enquête sur les services de santé et les services sociaux. (1988). Rapport de la Commission d'enquête sur les services de santé et les services sociaux. Les Publications du Québec.
  11. Emmanuelli, J., Frossard, J.-B. et Vincent, B. (2024). Lieux de vie et accompagnement des personnes âgées en perte d’autonomie : les défis de la politique domiciliaire. Se sentir chez soi où que l’on soit (Rapport no 2023-014R). Inspection générale des affaires sociales. https://www.igas.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/2023-014r_-_rapport-2.pdf
  12. Inspection générale des affaires sociales. (2023). Soutenir les aidants en levant les freins au développement de solutions de répit.
  13. Institut national de santé publique du Québec. (2023). Légionellose : méthode de détection d'agrégats spatiotemporels. Synthèse méthodologique.
  14. Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux. (2013). L’autonomie pour tous : livre blanc sur la création d’une assurance autonomie. Gouvernement du Québec.
  15. Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux. (2017). Le soutien à l'action intersectorielle favorable à la santé : stratégie ministérielle. Gouvernement du Québec.
  16. Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux. (2023). Améliorer l'accès, la qualité et la continuité des services de proximité : cadre de référence. Gouvernement du Québec.
  17. Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux. (2024). La fierté de vieillir : plan d'action gouvernemental 2024-2029. Gouvernement du Québec.
  18. Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux. (2026). Innover pour mieux répondre aux besoins des personnes et des communautés : politique gouvernementale sur les soins et services de première ligne. Gouvernement du Québec.
  19. Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux. (2026). Mieux chez soi : politique nationale de soutien à domicile. Gouvernement du Québec.
  20. Organisation mondiale de la Santé. (1986). Charte d'Ottawa pour la promotion de la santé.
  21. Raymond, M., Roussille, B. et Strohl, H. (2009). Enquête sur les conditions de la qualité des services d’aide à domicile pour les personnes âgées (Rapport no RM2009-035P). Inspection générale des affaires sociales. https://igas.gouv.fr/sites/igas/files/files-spip/pdf/rm2009-035p_enquete_sur_les_conditions_de_la_qualite_des_services_d_aide_a_domicile_pour_les_personnes_agees.pdf
  22. Réseau québécois de recherche sur le vieillissement. (2025). Livre blanc : vieillir au Québec. Perspectives de la recherche. https://rqrv.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-RQRV-LivreBlanc_compressed.pdf
  23. Réseau québécois de recherche sur le vieillissement. (s.d.). Répertoire des innovations. https://rqrv.com/livre-blanc-et-innovations/repertoire-des-innovations/

En inglés

  1. Commission on Social Determinants of Health. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. World Health Organization.
  2. Institute of Medicine. (2013). Best care at lower cost: The path to continuously learning health care in America. National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/13444
  3. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019). Integrating social care into the delivery of health care: Moving upstream to improve the nation's health. National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/25467
  4. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2020). Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: Opportunities for the health care system. National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/25663
  5. OECD. (2021). Health at a glance 2021: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/ae3016b9-en
  6. OECD. (2023). Health at a glance 2023: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/7a7afb35-en
  7. World Health Organization, & United Nations Children's Fund. (2018). Declaration of Astana: Global Conference on Primary Health Care.
  8. World Health Organization, & United Nations Children's Fund. (2020). Operational framework for primary health care: Transforming vision into action. World Health Organization.
  9. World Health Organization. (2010). Adelaide Statement on Health in All Policies: Moving towards a shared governance for health and well-being.
  10. World Health Organization. (2014). Health in All Policies: Helsinki statement. Framework for country action.
  11. World Health Organization. (2015). World report on ageing and health.
  12. World Health Organization. (2016). Framework on integrated, people-centred health services (Document A69/39). World Health Organization.
  13. World Health Organization. (2019). WHO guideline: Recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening.
  14. World Health Organization. (2021). Social isolation and loneliness among older people: Advocacy brief.
  15. World Health Organization. (2024). Operational framework for monitoring social determinants of health equity.
  16. World Health Organization. (2025). Governance for public health across the health and allied sectors: A report to guide country-level institutional capacity for essential public health functions underpinning multisectoral approaches.
  17. World Health Organization. (2026). Framework for health emergency preparedness and response capabilities for national public health agencies. https://doi.org/10.2471/B09726

05.4 · Recursos

Artículos de prensa y revistas

Prensa y revistas7

En francés

05.5 · Recursos

Vídeos en francés y en inglés

Cápsulas de vídeo7

En francés

Ancrage historique et évolution du courtage de connaissancesÉquipe RENARD, presentación de Christian Dagenais y Saliha Ziam en el coloquio 31 del 90.º congreso de la Acfas, 2023 (en francés)

Una breve presentación que repasa de dónde viene la intermediación de conocimientos y cómo ha evolucionado esta función, a modo de introducción al papel del intermediario.

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Les compétences clés pour agir en courtage de connaissancesÉquipe RENARD, presentación de Esther McSween-Cadieux en el coloquio 31 del 90.º congreso de la Acfas, 2023 (en francés)

Hace balance de las competencias que necesita una persona para ejercer la intermediación de conocimientos, un complemento práctico a los textos sobre el papel del intermediario.

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Expériences du midi: Recherche en partenariat avec une citoyenne-chercheuseUnité de soutien SSA Québec, seminario web con Julie Coulombe y Marie-Hélène Morin, 2025 (en francés)

Un caso concreto de investigación realizada con una ciudadana investigadora sobre el apoyo entre pares para familias en salud mental, que muestra lo que la ciencia participativa cambia en la conducción de un proyecto.

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CCNMO - Prise de décisions fondée sur des données probantesCentre de collaboration nationale des méthodes et outils (CCNMO), 2016 (en francés)

Presenta en ocho minutos el modelo del CCNMO, que muestra cómo los datos de investigación, el contexto local, las preferencias de la población y los recursos se combinan en una decisión de salud pública.

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Quand l’expertise académique rencontre le vécu du terrain (Le Réverbère, mini-série sur la science citoyenne, épisode 2)Le Réverbère, Institut du Nouveau Monde con el Fonds de recherche du Québec, 2026 (en francés)

Dúos de ciudadano e investigador cuentan cómo se reparten los roles en un proyecto de investigación surgido de una pregunta ciudadana, sin que ninguno de los dos pierda su propia experticia.

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Ép. 23 - Patient Partenaire: des alliés pour la rechercheDes femmes comme vous, Les Radieuses Magazine, con Catherine Wilhelmy, 2024 (en francés)

Una paciente que llegó a ser responsable de la colaboración con pacientes en un centro de investigación explica al público general qué es el movimiento del paciente colaborador y por qué la experiencia vivida de los pacientes debe nutrir la investigación y la atención.

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En inglés

TIDIRC: Introduction to Dissemination & Implementation ScienceNational Cancer Institute (TIDIRC OpenAccess), conferencia de David Chambers, 2022 (en inglés)

Una conferencia introductoria que distingue la investigación sobre la difusión, la difusión de la investigación, la investigación sobre la implementación y la investigación pragmática, y presenta los conceptos básicos del campo.

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05.6 · Recursos

Pódcasts en francés y en inglés

Pódcasts3

En francés

Le pont entre la recherche et le terrainLes humains derrière la recherche en soins palliatifs, con Chantal Verdon (UQO), 2025 (en francés)

Una investigadora en ciencias de enfermería explica cómo tendió un puente entre la investigación y la práctica, en particular mediante comunidades de práctica con enfermeras y enfermeros.

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En inglés

Season 2, Ep 1: David ChambersThat Implementation Science Podcast, presentado por Mike Pullmann y Kevin King, 2024 (en inglés)

El director adjunto de ciencia de la implementación del National Cancer Institute repasa la historia del campo, el carácter colectivo de la ciencia y lo que hace eficaz a un equipo de investigación.

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SCCM Pod-520: Implementation Science: From Evidence to PracticeSCCM Podcast (Society of Critical Care Medicine), presentado por Marilyn N. Bulloch con Anne E. Sales, 2024 (en inglés)

Una introducción accesible en la que una investigadora presenta la ciencia de la implementación como el estudio del cambio planificado de comportamientos dentro de las limitaciones de las organizaciones, con ejemplos clínicos.

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EXPERIENCIA INTERACTIVAAVENTURA 3D · 12 CAPÍTULOS
BIENVENIDOS A LA ACADEMIA DE LOS TEMAS IMPOSIBLES

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La tesis imposible.

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